The spectral characteristics of electromagnetic radiation are determined by either its vacuum wavelength or its frequency (and, of course, the speed of light is the product of the two). Before the advent of lasers, infrared and visible spectra were measured using wavelength techniques. Lasers have fractional linewidths approaching those of radio and microwave oscillators and have many orders of...

Since its launch in September of 1999, the IKONOS satellite has been consistently providing high quality 1-meter panchromatic and 4-meter multispectral images. Accurate interior and exterior orientation enable IKONOS to achieve high geometric accuracy with or without ground control. Exterior orientation is determined by on-board GPS receivers, star trackers, gyros, and interlock angles. Post-pr...

The charge-pump (CP) mismatch current is a dominant source of static phase error and reference spur in the nano-meter CMOS PLL implementations due to its worsened channel length modulation effect. This paper presents a charge-pump (CP) mismatch current reduction technique utilizing an adaptive body bias tuning of CP transistors and a zero CP mismatch current tracking PLL architecture for refere...

Entrainment of cortical rhythms to acoustic rhythms has been hypothesized to be the neural correlate of pulse and meter perception in music. Dynamic attending theory first proposed synchronization of endogenous perceptual rhythms nearly 40 years ago, but only recently has the pivotal role of neural synchrony been demonstrated. Significant progress has since been made in understanding the role o...

To measure stiffness of the compacted pavement, practitioners use the Compaction Meter Value (CMV); a ratio between the amplitude for the first harmonic of the compactor’s acceleration and the amplitude corresponding to the vibration frequency. Numerous experiments show that CMV is highly correlated with the pavement stiffness, but as of now, there is no convincing theoretical explanation for t...

The expression of many nuclear genes in plants is light regulated. We have examined the fluence-response, time-course, and reciprocity characteristics of four nuclear, blue-light-regulated transcripts in Pisum sativum L. var Alaska: Cab RNA, pEA207 RNA, pEA215 RNA, and pEA25 RNA. To avoid complications due to blue-light-induced transformation of phytochrome, we have adapted the procedure of mea...

OBJECTIVES There are few studies on crystalluria in the developing countries. The aim of the present study was carrying out a first study in Morocco on the frequency and the chemical nature of the crystalluria according to the sex and the age of human individuals living in the Tadla Azilal moroccan area. METHOD 200 samples resulting from the morning urines of morning fasting individuals of th...

Wireless energy meter is a system developed to serve as a basic single-phase energy meter with advanced functionalities such as Peak hour setting, Peak load setting Wireless reading transmission; further the system eliminates the role of a Meter Reader.

BACKGROUND The Precision Xtra(®) meter is a promising low cost electrochemical point-of-care unit for measuring blood glucose concentration ([gluc]) in cattle blood. The meter uses an algorithm that assumes the intra-erythrocyte [gluc] equals the plasma [gluc] on a molal basis, and that the hematocrit is similar in humans and cattle. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to determine the accur...