Binding of angiotensin II (ANG II) to the AT1 receptor (AT1R) in the proximal tubule stimulates Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) activity through multiple signaling pathways. However, the effects of ANG II/AT1R-induced inihibitory G protein (Gi) activation and subsequent decrease in cAMP accumulation on NHE3 regulation are not well established. We therefore tested the hypothesis that ANG II re...

Bile acids (BAs) play a complex role in colonic fluid secretion. We showed that dihydroxy BAs, but not the monohydroxy BA lithocholic acid (LCA), stimulate Cl(-) secretion in human colonic T84 cells (Ao M, Sarathy J, Domingue J, Alrefai WA, Rao MC. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 305: C447-C456, 2013). In this study, we explored the effect of LCA on the action of other secretagogues in T84 cells. Whi...

Pulmonary vascular remodeling due to overgrowth of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major cause for the elevated vascular resistance in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Increased cytosolic Ca ([Ca]cyt), resulting from enhanced capacitative Ca entry (CCE) and upregulated transient receptor potential (TRP) channel expression, is involved in stimula...

Studies about the set of positive equilibria ( $$E_+$$ ) kinetic systems have been focused on mass action, and not that much power law (PLK) systems, even for PL-RDK (PLK where two reactions with identical reactant complexes same order vectors). For different reactants rows. A system satisfying this property is called factor span surjective (PL-FSK). In work, we show a cycle terminal PL-FSK $$E...

Practical M-FSK systems experience a combination of time and frequency offsets (errors). This paper assesses the deleterious effect ofthese offsets, first individually and then combined, on the average hit error probability performance ofthe system. Exact expressions for these various error prohability performances are derived and evaluated numerically for system parameters of interest. Also pr...

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-C receptor activation has been shown to inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity as well as to stimulate phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathways. The present studies were undertaken to investigate whether ANP-C receptor-mediated decreased cAMP levels contribute to the activation of PLC signaling. C-ANP(4-23) [des(Gln(18),Ser(19), Glu(20),Leu(21),Gly(22))ANP(4-23)...

BACKGROUND It has been shown that the contractile state of airway smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in response to agonists is determined by the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations occurring within the SMCs. Therefore, we hypothesized that the relaxation of airway SMCs induced by agents that increase cAMP results from the down-regulation or slowing of the frequency of the Ca2+ oscillations. METHODS The e...

The capacity and cutoff rate of frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation and noncoherent reception when the signal is subject to Rician fading are calculated. Both hard and soft decisions with maximum likelihood combining are considered, as well as soft decisions with square-law combining. Optimal code rates are found that minimize the required signal-to-noise ratio for reliable communication.