The advancement of microbial processes for the production of renewable liquid fuels has increased with concerns about the current fuel economy. The development of advanced biofuels in particular has risen to address some of the shortcomings of ethanol. These advanced fuels have chemical properties similar to petroleum-based liquid fuels, thus removing the need for engine modification or infrast...

This paper describes the present situation regarding chemical kinetic databases for the simulation of the combustion of liquid fuels. Past work in the area is summarized. Much is known about the reactions of the smaller fragments from combustion processes. In order to describe real liquid fuels there is the need for an understanding of how the larger organic fuels are broken down to these fragm...

The objective of this paper is to present recommendations for fuels treatments in ponderosa pine forests in the Southwest, Colorado Front Range, and Black Hills of South Dakota. We have synthesized existing knowledge from the peer-reviewed literature and administrative studies and acquired local knowledge through a series of discussions with fuels treatment practitioners. We describe specific t...

Cancer is a disease of the genome and the epigenome. Previous studies have shown that genomic changes such as mutations, copy number variation, and genomic rearrangements drive cancer evolution. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Landau and colleagues add epigenomic changes, specifically locally disordered DNA methylation, to cancer's evolutionary trajectory.

ion The linear alkanes, as most simple components, provide the fundamentals of fuel modeling in the case of more complicated components (alkenes, aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.). Meanwhile n-alkanes or blending of n-alkanes are by far the best studied class of compounds for which reliable, detailed chemical kinetic models for combustion exist and supposed to be the suitable s...

Deep genomic sequencing technologies are beginning to resolve the underlying complexities of solid and hematologic cancers. Peter Nowell’s proposed model for cancer evolution suggesting that cancers evolve through branched evolutionary trajectories fuelled by genomic instability is now increasingly being accepted as a basis for therapeutic failure and the increasing mismatch between cost and cl...

Annotating whole video scenes While at the University of Oxford, researcher Mark Everingham (now at the University of Leeds) collaborated with Josef Sivic and Andrew Zisserman to create a video search system using more than simple face or speech recognition. Using video from the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, the team pursued an ambitious goal—to move from an interface of “find me ...

Fuels management is an active term. It is an intentional, planned activity defined by consideration of fire behavior, silvicultural principles, ecological constraints, and the economic and technical limitations of the tools selected to implement the treatment. A forest operation is a tool used to manipulate vegetation or site condition in order to achieve some desired management objectives. Giv...

High-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuels are composed of thousands of microscopic fuel particles, randomly dispersed in a graphite matrix. The modelling of such geometry is complicated, especially using continuous-energy Monte Carlo codes, which are unable to apply any deterministic corrections in the calculation. This paper presents the geometry routine developed for modelling randomly disper...