Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been shown to be an effective approach to upper-limb stroke rehabilitation, where it is used to assist arm and shoulder motion. Model-based FES controllers have recently confirmed significant potential to improve accuracy of functional reaching tasks, but they typically require a reference trajectory to track. Few upper-limb FES control schemes embed ...

Few fields of rehabilitation research have generated as much excitement and public interest as functional electrical stimulation (FES) by computer control . Early publicity gave the potential users of FES systems hopes that this modern technology could almost normalize their impaired functions. Unfortunately, the great expectations of persons with physical disability (limb paralysis) have been ...

Paralysis of the respiratory muscles in people with tetraplegia affects their ability to breathe and contributes to respiratory complications. Surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) of abdominal wall muscles can be used to increase tidal volume (V_{T}) and improve cough peak flow (CPF) in tetraplegic subjects who are able to breathe spontaneously. This study aims to evaluate the feasib...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to ankle dorsiflexor (DF) and ankle plantarflexor (PF) on kinematic and kinetic parameters of hemiplegic gait. METHODS Fourteen post-stroke hemiplegic patients were considered in this study. Electrical stimulation was delivered to ankle DF during the swing phase and ankle PF during the stance phase via single foot sw...

Recent force-fatigue mathematical models in biomechanics [7] allow to predict the muscular force response functional electrical stimulation (FES) and leads optimal control problem of maximizing force. The stimulations are Dirac pulses parameters amplitudes times application, number is physically limited model a sampled data problem. aim this article present compare two methods. first method dir...

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has shown the potential of being a valuable clinical option for the correction of gait in the child with cerebral palsy (CP) [1]. The usefulness of these systems, however, is dependent upon a clinically feasible method of predicting gait events in order to deliver electrical stimulation to the muscles at the appropriate time. In the past, the control over...

Knowledge of the state of the electrode-tissue interface in Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is an important factor in evaluating the chronic viability of such applications. Changes in the electrical impedance of a given electrode-tissue interface can be attributed to several factors including mechanical movement, electrode dissolution, changes in tissue morphology, and device degradatio...

BACKGROUND Evidence supports peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation (FES) as an effective alternative to ankle foot orthoses (AFO) for treatment of foot drop poststroke, but few long-term, randomized controlled comparisons exist. OBJECTIVE Compare changes in gait quality and function between FES and AFOs in individuals with foot drop poststroke over a 12-month period. METHODS Foll...

Functional electrical stimulation has been applied to restore the muscle activity of paralyzed patients who suffer from spinal cord injuries and related neural impairments for several decades. In this paper, a direct-synthesized arbitrary waveform stimulator for multichannel FES applications is described. A novel element-envelope method is proposed. A digital signal processor is chosen to synth...

Prolonged immobilization, such as occurs after the spinal cord injury (SCI), results in several physiological problems. It has been demonstrated that the standing posture can ameliorate many of these problems. Standing exercise can be efficiently performed by the help of functional electrical stimulation (FES). The first application of FES to a paraplegic patient was reported by Kantrowitz in 1...