This short survey the reviews recent literature on brain connectivity studies. It encompasses all forms of static and dynamic connectivity whether anatomical, functional, or effective. The last decade has seen an ever increasing number of studies devoted to deduce functional or effective connectivity, mostly from functional neuroimaging experiments. Resting state conditions have become a domina...

A widely held assumption is that memory retrieval is aided by cognitive control processes that are engaged flexibly in service of memory retrieval and memory decisions. While there is some empirical support for this view, a notable exception is the absence of evidence for the flexible use of retrieval control in functional neuroimaging experiments requiring frequent switches between tasks with ...

Neurolinguistic research has been engaged in evaluating models of language using measures from brain structure and function, and/or in investigating brain structure and function with respect to language representation using proposed models of language. While the aphasiological strategy, which classiWes aphasias based on performance modality and a few linguistic variables, has been the most stab...

Working memory subsumes the capability to memorize, retrieve and utilize information for a limited period of time which is essential to many human behaviours. Moreover, impairments of working memory functions may be found in nearly all neurological and psychiatric diseases. To examine what brain regions are commonly and differently active during various working memory tasks, we performed a coor...

The distinction between Meaningful (MFG) and Meaningless (MLG) gestures is relevant both to clinical classification frameworks and for comprehension of gesture processing within cognitive models. The specific aim of this review is to verify whether recent functional imaging studies support the view that different neural structures are involved in processing different kinds of gestures, with spe...

Despite increasing complexity of neurosurgical procedures; they have become safer over the last few decades which can be clearly attributed to rapid advancement in technology coupled with dramatic improvement in radiological imaging. Today neurosurgical treatment is increasingly benefitted by rapid developments in radiological imaging and post processing techniques leading to decreased invasive...

Over the last 20 years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has matured from an infant technology used by a select few researchers to the dominant research modality in modern cognitive neuroscience. While the inclusion of fMRI theory and technique in neuroscience education is undisputed in value, no text has thus far emerged as sufficiently comprehensive yet accessible to students. Thi...

Functional neurotransmitter imaging (fNTI) is an evolving technique that uses molecular imaging to detect neurotransmitters released during a task performance. This technique provides a tool to study neurochemistry of human cognition and involves dynamic measurement of the concentration of a specific radioligand during the task performance. Since ligands are competitively displaced by endogenou...

To visualize brain activity associated with mental states, such as craving for alcohol and other drugs (AODs), researchers have begun to use functional imaging techniques. Three commonly used techniques are single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Studies using these three approaches have been revie...