The non-invasive recording of brain activity with functional brain imaging greatly advances our understanding of human cognition. At the meantime, more powerful multivariate analysis methods are being developed to compensate the limited capability of traditional univariate approaches. In this review, I will introduce the development of these multivariate methods for functional magnetic resonanc...

In the current study, we report on an experiment examining whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) lie detection evidence would influence potential jurors' assessment of guilt in a criminal trial. Potential jurors (N = 330) read a vignette summarizing a trial, with some versions of the vignette including lie detection evidence indicating that the defendant was lying about having co...

The neurobiology of birdsong, as a model for human speech, is a pronounced area of research in behavioral neuroscience. Whereas electrophysiology and molecular approaches allow the investigation of either different stimuli on few neurons, or one stimulus in large parts of the brain, blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows combining both advan...

Neurofeedback (NFB) allows subjects to learn how to volitionally influence the neuronal activation in the brain by employing real-time neural activity as feedback. NFB has already been performed with electroencephalography (EEG) since the 1970s. Functional MRI (fMRI), offering a higher spatial resolution, has further increased the spatial specificity. In this paper, we briefly outline the gener...

This chapter focuses on the clinical aspects of attention including anatomy, cognitive neuropsychology, disorders, and functional imaging evidence for the role of attention in cognition. Particular emphasis is given to selected aspects of visual attention. Imaging studies discussed are primarily functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, so...

Electroencepholography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are two ways of recording brain activity; the former provides good time resolution but poor spatial resolution, while converse is true for latter. Recently, deep neural network models have been developed that can synthesize fMRI activity from EEG signals, vice versa. Because these generative simulate data, they make i...

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a devastating neuropsychological condition afflicting a small percentage of athletes partaking in high-impact sports. The onset of symptoms lags years behind the inciting events. Repetitive minor head injuries are felt to be the main etiology behind CTE. Routine radiographic imaging generally is unremarkable in cases of CTE. Functional magnetic resonanc...

Detection of brain activity and selectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides unique insight into the underlying functional properties of the brain. We propose a generative model that jointly explains neural activation and temporal activity in an fMRI experiment. We derive an algorithm for inferring activation patterns and estimating the temporal response from fMRI dat...