Little is known about the expression and possible functions of unopposed gap junction hemichannels in the brain. Emerging evidence suggests that gap junction hemichannels can act as stand-alone functional channels in astrocytes. With immunocytochemistry, dye uptake, and HPLC measurements, we show that astrocytes in vitro express functional hemichannels that can mediate robust efflux of glutamat...

BACKGROUND Functional weakness describes weakness which is inconsistent and incongruent with disease. It is also referred to as motor conversion disorder (DSM-IV), dissociative motor disorder (ICD-10) and 'psychogenic' paralysis. Studies of aetiology have focused on risk factors such as childhood adversity and life events; information on the nature and circumstance of symptom onset may shed lig...

NEUROSCIENCE Correction for “Functional connectivity arises from a slow rhythmic mechanism,” by Jingfeng M. Li, William J. Bentley, Abraham Z. Snyder, Marcus E. Raichle, and Lawrence H. Snyder, which appeared in issue 19, May 12, 2015, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (112:E2527–E2535; first published April 27, 2015; 10.1073/ pnas.1419837112). The authors note that the author list should be updated to...

Test data travels through a System on Chip (SOC) from the chip pins to the Core-Under-Test (CUT) and vice versa via a Test Access Mechanism (TAM). Conventionally, a TAM is implemented using dedicated communication infrastructure. However, also existing functional interconnect, such as a bus or Network on Chip (NOC), can be reused as TAM; this will reduce the overall design effort and associated...

BACKGROUND The mechanisms whereby reperfusion of a 20-minute coronary occlusion result in global functional recovery despite persistent regional dysfunction were studied in 11 open-chest reflex-blocked dogs. METHODS AND RESULTS Pressure-volume and pressure-thickness relations were simultaneously determined before, during, and after reperfusion of left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusio...

Evolutionary Life History Theory (LHT) is a powerful framework that can be used for understanding behavioral strategies as functional adaptations to environmental conditions. Some evolutionary theorists have described how developmental environments can shape behavioral strategies. Theorists and previous research suggest that individuals developing in relatively less certain environments will ex...

Density Functional Embedding Theory (DFET) unveils the mechanism of Vinylene Carbonate (VC) degradation at Li metal surface.