background and objective: otitis externa is a common condition affecting the external auditory canal. predisposing factors implicated in the pathogenesis of the condition include preexisting aural disease, genetic factors, infection, trauma, and climatic conditions. bacteria are the most common cause of infection and fungi play a smaller but significant role in the disease. otomycosis is charac...

background and objective: chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is one of the most common chronic diseases. in the past decades, there has been an increase in fungal infections of sinuses and fungal rhinosinusitis (frs) has been diagnosed more frequently. knowing the fungal flora and its prevalence in crs patients will allow a better understanding of this disease, permitting a correct diagnosis, treatme...

There is growing evidence indicating that neuronal calcium channels play an important role in the mechanism of morphine dependence. In this study, the effects of acute and chronic administration of nitrendipine on naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal signs were investigated. Mice were rendered dependent to morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. In chronic s...

background: allergic fungal sinusitis is a non-invasive disease, and accounts for approximately 6-8% of all chronic sinusitis requiring surgical intervention. as the treatment and prognosis of these disorders vary significantly, it is extremely important to recognize allergic fugal sinusitis and differentiate it from chronic sinusitis of bacterial and fungal origin. this prospective study evalu...

Background: Amylin and Salmon Calcitonin belong to the calcitonin family of peptides and have high affinity binding sites in the rat spinal cord. The aim of this study was to characterize receptors for Amylin and Salmon Calcitonin functionally in the spinal cord of rats. We assessed the expression of c-Fos in response to intraplantar formalin in the lumbar regions of the spinal cord in consciou...

allergic fungal sinusitis (afs) has been clinicopathologically defined as a noninvasive form of fungal infection. this study was designed to distinguish afs among patients with chronic sinusitis who failed to respond to repeated courses of antibiotics and were therefore candidates for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (fess) in sari. allergic mucin and sinus lavage was collected during fess f...