Experiments on model systems have revealed that cytokinesis in cells with contractile rings (amoebas, fungi, and animals) depends on shared molecular mechanisms in spite of some differences that emerged during a billion years of divergent evolution. Understanding these fundamental mechanisms depends on identifying the participating proteins and characterizing the mechanisms that position the fu...

Cleavage furrow formation in animal cells results from a local increase in cortical contractility. During anaphase, the spindle contains, in addition to astral arrays of microtubules, a set of bundled microtubules known as the central spindle. Each of these populations of microtubules, the astral arrays and the central spindle bundles, is sufficient to direct cleavage furrow formation, yet in w...

Many of the same genes needed for proper eye and limb development in vertebrates, such as hairy, hedgehog, patched and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A, are responsible for patterning Drosophila imaginal discs, the tissues that will give rise to the adult cuticle structures. This is well demonstrated in the control of morphogenetic furrow movement and differentiation in the eye imaginal di...

Completion of cell division during cytokinesis requires temporally and spatially regulated communication from the microtubule cytoskeleton to the actin cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. We identified a specific inhibitor of nonmuscle myosin II, blebbistatin, that inhibited contraction of the cleavage furrow without disrupting mitosis or contractile ring assembly. Using blebbistatin and other ...

low level of efficiency is a main problem of surface irrigation systems that is due to their poordesign and management. furrow inflow rate and cut off time are the most important design parametersthat affect the efficiency of furrow irrigation. in this study, furrow irrigation condition of amir kabiragro-industry sugarcane fields was simulated with winsrfr3.1 model. then, irrigation performance...

Furrow irrigation detaches and transports soil particles and subsequently nutrients such as phosphorus (P). To reduce the risk of erosion and offsite P movement, producers can convert from furrow to sprinkler irrigation. We completed research on soil P dynamics in furrow versus sprinkler irrigated soils from four paired fields in south central Idaho. Surface soils (0-2.5 inches) were obtained f...

the growth and development of crop models such as aquacrop model is the most important tools for decision-making and predicting crop yields. the aim of this research was to assess aquacrop model for simulating spatial variability of forage maize yield along the furrow. four treatments for calibration and validation of the model were investigated based on the percentage of supplied crop water re...