Fuzzy logic is an extension of the standard 2-valued logic – with two possible truth values 0 (“false”) and (“true”) – to values (degrees of certainty) represented by arbitrary numbers from the interval [0, 1]. One of the main challenges in fuzzy logic is that we need to extend the usual logical operations from the set {0, 1} to the entire interval, and there are many possible extensions. One p...

BCK-algebras, introduced in the 1960s by Imai and Iséki [3], form a well-known class of algebras intensively studied in algebraic logic during the last decades. The reason of their introduction was practically twofold: they describe general properties of algebras of sets with the set subtraction as a binary operation, and secondly, they form a natural generalization of algebraic counterparts of...

Increased number of mast cells at the site of infection is widely regarded as important host defense against parasites. The kinetics of mucosal mast cells and connective tissue mast cells responses were studied in the intestines of 68 female CFLP mice infected with 100 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. The number of mucosal mast cells and the connective tissue mast cells increased from week 3 and ...