Venous thromboembolism (VTE) results from the interaction of the Virchow triad (venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability). Risk factors for increased hypercoagulability, or thrombophilia, include activated protein C resistance/factor V Leiden, the prothrombin G20210A mutation, deficiencies of the natural anticoagulants (antithrombin, proteins C and S), antiphospholipid antibodi...

The relationship between genetic polymorphisms and migraine as a cause of an increased risk of thrombotic disorders development is still debated In this respect, factor V Leiden, factor V (H1299R), prothrombin G20210A, factor XIII (V34L), β-fibrinogen, MTHFR (C677T), MTHFR (A1298C), APO E, PAI-1, HPA-1 and ACE I/D seem to play a determinant role in vascular diseases related to migraine. The pre...

Acquired and inherited prothrombotic risk factors increase the risk of thrombosis in neonates, infants and children. After suffering thrombosis white paediatric patients should be screened for common gene mutations, i.e. the factor V G1691A, factor II G20210A and MTHFR C677T genotypes, rare inherited prothromboticrisk factors, i.e. deficiencies of protein C,protein S, and antithrombin, plasmino...

Nearly 150 years ago, Virchow postulated that thrombosis was caused by changes in the flow of blood, the vessel wall, or the composition of blood. This concept created the foundation for subsequent investigation of hereditary and acquired hypercoagulable states. This review will focus on an example of the use of modern genetic epidemiologic analysis to evaluate the multigenic pathogenesis of th...

In the past decades, the recognition of several inherited thrombophilic traits has greatly improved our knowledge of the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism, explaining about half of all idiopathic cases. As a consequence, thrombophilia testing has enormously increased in the past years for various clinical conditions. In this paper, the current indications of the most commonly tested thromb...

A s s e s s m e n t o f p r o g n o s t i c f a c t o r s 3 weeks after stopping OAT, laboratory testing was done to determine the levels of D-dimer (measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay [Asserachrom D-dimer, Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany]), antithrombin, protein C, protein S, factor VIII, the lupus anticoagulant, factor V Leiden, and factor II G20210A. Levels of D-dimer were class...

We present the case of a 27-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with the acute onset of left sided abdominal pain. Initial CT examination showed multiple renal infarcts in the lower pole of the left kidney, and an angiogram showed thrombus in a segmental branch of the left renal artery. Subsequent transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated a small patent foramen ovale with...

To investigate the role of oral contraceptives and their interaction with thrombophilia in ischemic stroke, a case-control study on women with a first ischemic stroke when younger than 45 years was carried out. Oral contraceptives doubled the risk of ischemic stroke in the first 6-18 months of use and hyperhomocysteinemia increased the risk by 3.5-fold. Carriers of factor V Leiden or prothrombi...