Conventional wastewater treatment, primary and secondary treatment processes with simultaneous phosphorus precipitation, is the most common process combination used in Finnish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It typically eliminates most of the organic load and phosphorus, as well as part of the enteric microorganisms present in raw wastewater. Municipal secondary effluents still contain so...

The discovery of the PS proteins, the complexities of their biochemistry and their potential involvement in signalling pathways and in apoptosis have galvanized research into AD. To date, the aspect of the functionality of the PSs most relevant to the pathology of AD is the effect of PS FAD mutants to increase the proportion of A beta 42 produced from cells. This, coupled to the observation tha...

The Institute of Medicine's 1999 report on medical errors galvanized the public and health professionals. Before then, providers, health care organizations, and policymakers lacked the understanding and incentives to generate the changes in culture, systems, training, and technology to improve safety. Since 1999 there has been progress, but it has been insufficient. Stronger regulation has help...

The schemata that are often at the basis of resistance to change in couples who are experiencing dysfunction in their relationships are rooted in ingrained experiences from family of origin. The belief systems that underlie such experiences and are influenced by transgenerational dynamics often become galvanized as a result of early learning and the power of parental influence. This article foc...

The recent discoveries of giant planets around nearby stars has galvanized the planetary science community, astronomers, and the public at large. Since direct detection is now feasible, and is suggested by the recent acquisition of Gl229 B, it is crucial for the future of extrasolar planet searches that the fluxes, evolution, and physical structure of objects from Saturn's mass to 15 Juipter ma...

This study examined the influence of health stereotypes on stress response among middle-aged and older men. It was hypothesized that anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity would increase when health stereotypes were activated among veterans seeking care in an outpatient setting. Among a sample of 122 veteran patients with hypertension, the level of stereotype activation varied by means of refere...

In this commentary, the process performance of natural rubber processing wastewater systems was evaluated and compared. The key factors evaluated in here comprised the following: the type of wastewater, the prevention of system clogging by coagulated rubber, and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This commentary examined these variables in existing systems and in a pilot-scale rea...

Electrochemical technologies have proved to be useful for the treatment of wastewater, and recent years, there are growing interests in electrochemical treatment of the salty organic wastewater. The aim of this paper is to mainly present the source of the salty organic wastewater, the mechanism of direct and indirect oxidation process, and the research advances of electrochemical technologies i...

The activated sludge process is commonly used to treat wastewater by aerobic oxidation of organic pollutants into carbon dioxide and water. However, several nonoxidative mechanisms can also contribute to removal of organics. Sorption onto activated sludge can remove a large fraction of the colloidal and particulate wastewater organics. Intracellular storage of, e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)...