Antibodies against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutaraldehyde-lysine were obtained by using a procedure based upon (i) a high yield of coupling of GABA to protein carriers, (ii) the reduction of the resulting immunoreactive double bonds, and (iii) a protocol of alternative immunizations using different immunogens having in common only the GABA-glutaraldehyde-lysine segment. This strategy led...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are two important amino acid neurotransmitters widely present in the nervous systems of mammals, insects, round worm, and platyhelminths, while their receptors are quite diversified across different animal phyla. However, the evolutionary mechanisms between the two conserved neurotransmitters and their diversified receptors remain elusive, and antago...

The inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), activates a variety of receptors in all areas of the central nervous system (CNS). GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre and postsynaptic neuronal processes. There are three classes of GABA receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic in n...

So far there is not much research considering female sex as a risk factor for developing focal cervical dystonia and concomitant psychiatric symptoms such anxiety. New proposes ideas of CD baseline pathophysiology targeting neurobiological mechanisms gamma aminobutyric acid GABAergic function underlying sexual dimorphism an intrinsic the disease itself. Our examines connection between motor non...

The primary inhibitory and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, respectively. Despite their pervasiveness in brain function and sensory processes, the amino acid neurotransmitters have received limited attention in the study of autism and related developmental disabilities. While the ubiquity of GABA and glutamate pathways in the CNS suggests...

Background Heterologous expression of α1, β2 and γ2S(γ1) subunits produces a mixed population of GABAA receptors containing α1β2 or α1β2γ2S(γ1) subunits. GABA sensitivity (lower in receptors containing γ1 or γ2S subunits) and the potentiation of GABA-activated chloride currents (IGABA) by benzodiazepines (BZDs) are dependent on γ2S(γ1) incorporation [1]. A variable γ subunit incorporation may a...

Z. Long, J. B. Murdoch, A. W. Goddard, and U. Dydak School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States, Toshiba Medical Research Institute USA, Mayfield Village, OH, United States, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indi...