The term beta-beam has been coined for the production of a pure beam of electron neutrinos or their antiparticles through the decay of radioactive ions circulating in a storage ring. This concept requires radioactive ions to be accelerated to a Lorentz gamma of 150 for He and 60 for Ne. The neutrino source itself consists of a storage ring for this energy range, with long straight sections in l...

For a finite commutative ring $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ with identity $1\neq 0$, the zero divisor graph $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{n})$ is simple connected having vertex set as of non-zero divisors, where two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if only $xy=0$. We find distance Laplacian spectrum graphs for different values $n$. Also, we obtain $n=p^z$, $z\geq 2$, in terms spectrum. As consequence, determine thos...

Let $M$ be an $R$-module and $0 neq fin M^*={rm Hom}(M,R)$. We associate an undirected graph $gf$ to $M$ in which non-zero elements $x$ and $y$ of $M$ are adjacent provided that $xf(y)=0$ or $yf(x)=0$. Weobserve that over a commutative ring $R$, $gf$ is connected anddiam$(gf)leq 3$. Moreover, if $Gamma (M)$ contains a cycle,then $mbox{gr}(gf)leq 4$. Furthermore if $|gf|geq 1$, then$gf$ is finit...

In many vertebrate nonmuscle cells, the microfilament subunit protein, actin, exists as two isoforms, called beta and gamma, whose sequences differ only in their amino-terminal regions. We have prepared a peptide antibody specifically reactive with the amino-terminal sequence of gamma actin. This antibody reacted with nonmuscle actin as determined by Western blots of SDS gels, and reacted with ...

The 3'-5' circular trinucleotide cr(GpGpGp) was studied by means of 1D and 2D high resolution NMR techniques and molecular mechanics calculations. Analysis of the J-couplings, obtained from the 1H and 13C-NMR spectra, allowed the determination of the conformation of the sugar rings and of the 'circular' phosphate backbone. In the course of the investigations it was found that the Karplus-equati...

There are six members of the tubulin superfamily in eukaryotes. Alpha- and beta-tubulin form a heterodimer that polymerizes to form microtubules, and gamma-tubulin nucleates microtubules as a component of the gamma-tubulin ring complex. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tubulin are conserved in all eukaryotes. In contrast, delta- and epsilon-tubulin are conserved in many, but not all, eukaryotes and are...

Camptothecin (CPT) analogues are powerful anticancer agents but are chemically unstable due to their alpha-hydroxylactone six-membered E-ring structure, which is essential for trapping topoisomerase I (Top1)-DNA cleavage complexes. To stabilize the E-ring, CPT keto analogues with a five-membered E-ring lacking the oxygen of the lactone ring (S38809 and S39625) have been synthesized. S39625 has ...