Retinomorphic chips may improve their spike-coding efficiency by emulating the primate retina's parallel pathways. To model the four predominant ganglion-cell types in the cat retina, I morphed outer and inner retina microcircuits into a silicon chip, Visio1. It has 104 x 96 photoreceptors, 4 x 52 x 48 ganglion-cells, a die size of 9.25 x 9.67 mm2 in 1.2 μm 5V CMOS, and consumes 11.5 mW at 5 sp...

Cell soma area or diameter distributions are generally very skewed and present some unusual problems in characterization and description. In this study of ganglion cell soma size in rabbit retina, our conclusions are based on a statistical method which not only characterizes this particular neuronal population but which also may be of considerable value in other species and other parts of the n...

1 2 The development of the visual system in anamniotic vertebrates is a continual process, 3 allowing for ontogenetic changes in retinal topography and spatial resolving power. We 4 examine the number and distribution of retinal ganglion cells in wholemounted retinae 5 throughout the protracted embryonic development (approx. five months) of a chondrichthyan, 6 the brown banded bamboo shark, Chi...

PURPOSE Elevated plasma homocysteine has been implicated in glaucoma, a vision disorder characterized by retinal ganglion cell death. The toxic potential of homocysteine to ganglion cells is known, but the mechanisms are not clear. A mechanism of homocysteine-induced death of cerebral neurons is via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor overstimulation, leading to excess calcium influx and oxida...

The development of the visual system in anamniotic vertebrates is a continual process, allowing for ontogenetic changes in retinal topography and spatial resolving power. We examined the number and distribution of retinal ganglion cells in wholemounted retinae throughout the protracted embryonic development (∼5 months) of a chondrichthyan, i.e. the brown-banded bamboo shark Chiloscyllium puncta...

Impairment of visual function has been detected in the early stage of diabetes but the underlying neural mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Morphological and functional alterations of retinal ganglion cells, the final output neurons of the vertebrate retina, are thought to be the major cause of visual defects in diabetes but direct evidence to support this notion is limited. In this study...