The problems of access-retrieving linguistic structure from some mental grammor -and disomblguatlon-choosing among these structures to correctly parse ambiguous linguistic input-are fundamental to language understanding. The literature abounds with psychological results on lexical access, the access of idioms, syntactic rule access, parsing preferences, syntactic disombiguation, and the process...

Many studies have revealed shared music-language processing resources by finding an influence of music harmony manipulations on concurrent language processing. However, the nature of the shared resources has remained ambiguous. They have been argued to be syntax specific and thus due to shared syntactic integration resources. An alternative view regards them as related to general attention and,...

one of the fundamental notions of realization of sustainable city within the framework of the theory of sustainable development is what affects the urban green spaces as well as the influence they may have. as the upshot of years’ worth of experiences in the ideology of iranian urban design, iranian garden is of magnificently high position which possesses the potentials to act as the green spac...

In so-called garden-path jokes, an initial semantic representation is violated, and semantic revision reestablishes a coherent representation. 48 jokes were manipulated in three conditions: (i) a coherent ending, (ii) a joke ending, and (iii) a discourse-incoherent ending. A reading times study (N = 24) and three studies with recordings of ERP and pupil changes (N = 21, 24, and 24, respectively...

The contrast in processing di culty among di erent cases of local ambiguity has often been captured in terms of the type of reanalysis that is required. Of particularly importance has been the distinction between lowering and raising of a constituent from the position in which it is attached originally, raising being the more costly operation and therefore producing conscious garden path e ects...

This paper describes our system in the Bake-Off 2013 task of SIGHAN 7. We illustrate that Chinese spell checking and correction can be efficiently tackled with by utilizing word segmenter. A graph model is used to represent the sentence and a single source shortest path (SSSP) algorithm is performed on the graph to correct spell errors. Our system achieves 4 first ranks out of 10 metrics on the...

Abstract Let (leeway) incompatibilism be the thesis that causal determinism is incompatible with freedom to do otherwise. Several prominent authors have claimed alone can capture, or at least best captures, intuitive appeal behind Jorge Luis Borges's famous “Garden of Forking Paths” metaphor. The thought, briefly, this: “single path” leading up one's present decision represents past; forking pa...

Online political discussions have received a lot of attention over the past years. In this paper we compare two sentiment lexicon approaches to classify the sentiment of sentences from political discussions. The first approach is based on applying the number of words between the target and the sentiment words to weight the sentence sentiment score. The second approach is based on using the shor...