Elektrik üretiminde doğalgazın kullanımının artması ve LNG’nin birçok ülke bakımından henüz ucuz bir seçenek olmamasından dolayı gaz boru hattı projeleri önemini korumaya devam etmektedir. Her ne kadar dünya genelinde yaygın biçimde yapılmaya uygulanmaya etse de, uluslararası yasal rejimi konusunda buna mukabil gelişme görülmemektedir. En yeni projelerinden biri olan altyapısı Türkiye Rusya ara...

The Venturi meter is a straightforward pipeline device used for the metering of gas and liquids. This article presents a brief summary of the creation and characterisation of the modern Venturi meter, including the historic development of public domain algorithms to derive two phase (gas and liquid) flow rates from differential pressure measurements. The use of Venturi meters in multiphase oil ...

The exploration of offshore gas/oil has been moving to deepwater fields as big reservoirs have been found and technologies have improved. Presently, the most active areas in deepwater gas/oil field development are Africa and the GOM (Gulf of Mexico) in North America. There are many technological challenges in developing deepwater gas/oil fields such as: flow assurance, subsea systems, riser sys...

In this paper, we consider the optimal design of a straight pipeline system. Suppose a gas pipeline is to be designed to transport a specified flowrate from the entry point to the gas demand point. Physical and contractual requirements at supply and delivery nodes are known as well as the costs to buy and lay a pipeline or build a compressor station. In order to minimize the overall cost of cre...

We consider gas flow in pipeline networks governed by the isothermal Euler equations and introduce a new modeling of compressors in gas networks. Compressor units are modeled as pipe–to–pipe intersections with additional algebraic coupling conditions for the compressor behavior. We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions with respect to these conditions and use the results for numerical sim...

For longer distances, natural gas is transported through transit pipeline at high pressures. In a place of consumption or at passing into a lower pressure pipeline, the pressure of the gas must be reduced. In Iran, the common procedure of reducing pressure in natural gas station is using expansion valves, which causes the waste of large amount of energy. Combined heat and power (CHP) systems ha...

The process of hydraulic fracturing for recovery of oil and natural gas uses large amounts of fresh water and produces a comparable amount of wastewater, much of which is typically transported by truck. Truck transport of water is an expensive and energy-intensive process with significant external costs including roads damages, and pollution. The integrated development plan (IDP) is the industr...

Global warming created by large scale emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) are a worldwide concern. Due to this, the issue of green gas network has required more attention in the last decades. Here, we address the GHG-based problem that arises in a gas network where gas flow is transferred from the Town Board Station (TBS) to consumers by pipeline systems. Given this environment, an optimization...