In 1976 Byer proposed using stimulated rotational Raman scattering in hydrogen gas as an efficient method of frequency conversion in the infrared.' In particular, it was noted that stimulated Raman scattering in para-H 2 gas with a CO2 laser pump generates 16-gm radiation, which is of potential use for UF 6 isotope enrichment. It was subsequently learned that others have also suggested stimulat...

We consider the effects of an outflow on radiation escaping from the infalling envelope around a massive protostar. Using numerical radiative transfer calculations, we show that outflows with properties comparable to those observed around massive stars lead to significant anisotropy in the stellar radiation field, which greatly reduces the radiation pressure experienced by gas in the infalling ...

We study the modifications of synchrotron radiation of charges in a storage ring as they are cooled. The pair correlation lengths between the charges are manifest in the synchrotron radiation and coherence effects exist for wavelengths longer than the coherence lengths between the charges. Therefore, the synchrotron radiation can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the state (gas, liquid,...

In astrophysical flows, radiation often contains a large fraction of the energy density, momentum density, and stress (i.e., pressure) in the radiating fluid. Furthermore, radiative transfer is usually the most effective energy-exchange mechanism within the fluid. To describe the behavior of such flows we need conservation laws that account accurately for both the material and the radiative con...

Background: Radon, an invisible, odorless, heaviest (nine times heavier than air) and radioactive gas is an aberration (the only gas in the long decay chain of heavy metal elements). It is ubiquitously present in dwellings and in the environment. Humans receive the greatest radiation dose in their homes. That's where they spend most time - typically 70%, more for small children. Recent worldwid...

Introduction Today, there is a growing interest in the use of hadrontherapy as an advanced radiotherapy technique. Hadrontherapy is considered a promising tool for cancer treatment, given its high radiobiological effectiveness and high accuracy of dose deposition due to the physical properties of hadrons. However, new radiation modalities of dose delivery and on-line beam monitoring play crucia...

Introduction: Human beings are naturally exposed to ionizing radiation in any environment. There are two main contributors to radiation exposures from natural sources: cosmic rays, Cosmo genic radionuclides, and radioactive nuclides that originated in the earth's crust. According to the latest data provided by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Rad...