In this report, we state and prove rstand second-order necessary conditions in Pontryagin form for optimal control problems with pure state and mixed control-state constraints. We say that a Lagrange multiplier of an optimal control problem is a Pontryagin multiplier if it is such that Pontryagin's minimum principle holds, and we call optimality conditions in Pontryagin form those which only in...

-260 Archimedes mathematically works out the principle of the lever and discovers the principle of buoyancy 60 Hero of Alexandria writes Metrica, Mechanics, and Pneumatics 1490 Leonardo da Vinci describes capillary action 1581 Galileo Galilei notices the timekeeping property of the pendulum 1589 Galileo Galilei uses balls rolling on inclined planes to show that di erent weights fall with the sa...

INTRODUCTION The cytoarchitecture of the mammalian cortex is formed during embryonic and postnatal development through the synchronization of progenitor proliferation and specification, neuronal differentiation and neuronal migration (reviewed by Shoemaker and Arlotta, 2010; Molyneaux et al., 2007; Marin and Rubenstein, 2003). These tightly regulated events lead to a multilaminar structure cont...

The task of classical descriptive geometry is to produce precise, reconstructible drawings on three-dimensional figures; nowadays, in the case of drawings made by means of computer, this is often completed with movable, interactive parts. This work is a brief introduction to the axonometric and perspective representation, the tools for preparing descriptive images, keeping in view some principa...

“How Not To Read an EEG,” supplement to this week’s issue ofNeurology®, brings to daylight a “dirty little secret.” Although misinterpretation is concerning with any diagnostic test, EEG misinterpretation seems particularly common. This may ultimately stem from the essence of EEG reading, a pattern recognition skill that cannot be acquired from textbooks, articles, supplements, or guidelines, a...

We study the transport of cold fermionic atoms trapped in optical lattices in the presence of artificial Abelian or non-Abelian gauge potentials. Such external potentials can be created in optical lattices in which atom tunneling is laser assisted and described by commutative or non-commutative tunneling operators. We show that the Hall-like transverse conductivity of such systems is quantized ...

pishgam was selected from the progeny of a cross between barakat iranian bread wheat cultivar and chinese 90-zhong 87 winter-habit ( bkt/90-zhong 87) in 1995. the f1 generation seeds were planted in karaj station in 1995-96 cropping season. selected-bulk method was applied to segregating generations from f2 to f5 generations for characters such as winter hardiness, plant height, straw strength,...