Classically, obese patients have been considered as having a potential full stomach, and it has been believed that abdominal pressure and gastric volume have a similar behavior to that of pregnant patients. However, in parturients, gastric emptying is slowed, not only as a consequence of the anatomical changes secondary to the cephalad displacement of the stomach by the uterus, but also due to ...

1. In six volunteers, the effect of intragastric administration of different water-soluble chemical isolates of dietary fibre on gastric secretion, acidity and emptying was studied. 2. At 30 min after administration of the test meals, the stomach contents were completely aspirated and the volume, pH, phenol red concentration, total titratable acidity and different electrolytes were measured. 3....

Little is known of the temporal and quantitative relationships between emptying of the stomach and of the gall bladder in patients with duodenal ulcer before and after vagotomy. A non-invasive double isotope technique was used to investigate these relationships in 27 patients with a duodenal ulcer, before and after operation-truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TV + P; n = 15) and highly selectiv...

This study aimed to investigate the possible gastroprotective effect of tocotrienol against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) induced gastric ulcers in rats by measuring its effect on gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO), oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of seven rats. The two control groups were administered v...

BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend preoperative fasting of 2 h for clear fluids, which is often exceeded in routine clinical practice. Existing data on residual gastric volumes in children do not consider fluid intake within <2 h and rely on the aspiration of gastric contents via a gastric tube. This study evaluated the emptying of clear fluids from the stomach using magnetic resonance ima...

Mucosal atrophy of the gastric antrum (type B atrophic gastritis) is generally accepted as predisposing to the development of the intestinal type of gastric cancer. Since bombesin stimulates gastrin release selectively from the antral mucosa, the response can be used as a marker for antral mucosal atrophy. In this study we have investigated bombesin-stimulated plasma gastrin responses in 21 pat...

BACKGROUND Melastoma malabathricum L. (family Melastomaceae; MM) and Muntingia calabura L. (family Elaeocarpaceae; MC) have been separately reported to possess gastroprotective activity. In an attempt to develop a pharmaceutical product with antiulcer potential, the synergistic gastroprotective activity of methanolic extract of a mixture of MM and MC (MMMC) at various ratios was evaluated in ra...

BACKGROUND AND AIM L-Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial transfer of fatty acids, and it is also a scavenger of free radicals in mammalian tissues. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of L-carnitine on chronic restraint stress-induced gastric mucosal injury. METHODS Wistar rats were applied restraint stress (1 h/day) and L-carnitine (50 mg/kg) for 21 days. The...

Ceramides have emerged as key participants in the signaling pathway of cytokines and apoptosis. We previously revealed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced experimental ulcers in rat gastric mucosa. In this study, we investigated the role of ceramide in ulcer formation and its relation to the activation of transcription factors and apoptosis. PMA was subserosally injected to rat g...

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and bronchoaspiration of gastric content are risk factors linked with ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of a nasogastric tube (NGT) incorporating a low-pressure oesophageal balloon on GOR and bronchoaspiration in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Fourteen patients were studied in a semi-recumbent position for ...