We studied the effect of mixed agonist-antagonist opioids (nalbuphine and pentazocine) and a kappa opioid agonist (U50488H) on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit, and their interactions with morphine in rats. In each group, nalbuphine (0.01-30 mg kg-1), pentazocine (1-30 mg kg-1), U50488H (1-100 mg kg(-1)1) or saline was injected i.p. at 0 min. Another four groups of rats received mo...

BACKGROUND Delayed gastric emptying limits the administration of enteral nutrition, leading to malnutrition, which is associated with higher mortality and morbidity. Currently available prokinetics have limitations in terms of sustained efficacy and side effects. AIM To summarise the mechanisms of action and to discuss the possible utility of gastrointestinal hormones to prevent or treat dela...

Tests of gastric emptying with modern scintigraphic methods are recommended in the clinical management of gastric disorders. An audit of 472 gastric emptying tests carried out over a 10 year period was performed to discover the reasons for requests from consultant clinicians, their anticipation of the results of tests, and the influence of the results upon the subsequent management of their pat...

The effects of macronutrients on gastric volume changes, emptying, and gastrointestinal symptoms are incompletely understood. Three liquid meals of 500 ml (fat emulsion, 375 kcal; protein solution, 375 kcal; glucose solution, 400 kcal) were infused into the stomach of 12 healthy volunteers on three occasions. Studies were performed in seated body position using an open-configuration magnetic re...

The effects of metoclopramide on gastric emptying and gastric secretion have been assessed in man using the double sampling test meal. Metoclopramide increases the rate of emptying of the stomach. The magnitude of the effect is directly related to the initial emptying time. Metoclopramide has no effect on the acid response to a water test meal.

BACKGROUND Gastroparesis is a disorder characterized by a delay in gastric emptying of a meal in the absence of a mechanical gastric outlet obstruction. AIM To provide an evidence based overview on diagnosis and management of gastroparesis. METHODS A PubMed search was performed using search terms including gastroparesis, gastric retention, gastric emptying, accommodation, manometry, prokine...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The gastrointestinal motility effects of endogenous incretin hormones enhanced by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors have not yet been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether single pre-prandial sitagliptin, the DPP-IV inhibitor, administration might have an effect on the rate of liquid gastric emptying using the (13)C-acetic acid breat...

Gastrointestinal motor abnormalities may account for dyspeptic symptoms of chronic uremia patients. However, the data on gastric emptying are conflicting in human studies. We, therefore, assessed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in a rat uremia model. Chronic uremia was induced by five-sixths nephrectomy in the rats. After 20-hour fasting, the rats were loaded with 70 glass beads a...

Bleeding from portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) has been estimated to account for up to 30% of all upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Although portal hypertension seems to be an essential prerequisite, the precise mechanisms responsible for the development of PHG are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the role of injection scler...

Recent studies suggest that dexfenfluramine (D-fenfluramine), because of its pure serotonergic effect, may be a more potent anti-obesity agent, associated with fewer side-effects than the racemate DL-fenfluramine. The effect of dexfenfluramine on gastric emptying of a mixed solid and liquid meal was assessed with a double-isotope scintigraphic technique in eleven obese patients. Each subject to...