The stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus forms a tight protective barrier. Defects of the barrier function contribute to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is manifested as damage to the esophageal epithelium due to exposure to the gastrointestinal refluxate. In this review, we discuss the involvement of NFkB and Nrf2 in esophageal epithelial barrier function. Understandin...

Background: This study was aimed to investigate the proportion of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) among electronic cigarette (e-cig) smokers and its association with pattern e-cig smoking.Method: cross-sectional underwent community in Cirebon City, Jawa Barat, ranged from March August 2020. Subjects were enrolled through consecutive sampling method. The data collection used survey containing smok...

BACKGROUND Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often coexist. However, the results of the studies investigating the prevalence of GERD among patients with asthma vary greatly. STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of GERD in adult patients with asthma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The basic study population consisted of 2,225 asthmatic patients who were treated in six speciali...

In some severe recurrent wheezers who do not respond to asthma medication including inhaled corticosteroids, wheezing is caused by gastroesophageal reflux (GER) [1-2]. However, physiological GER is largely recognized in younger children [3] and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) manifests various symptoms other than wheezing [4]. It remains unclear how GER is associated with wheezing. Addit...

Patients with refractory to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms are approximately 40% and represent a very common problem in clinical practice. Many of these patients do not have GERD, but suffer from functional heartburn or hypersensitive esophagus. After thorough clinical evaluation and failure of escalation of PPI dose, diagnostic investigations incl...

Aim The influence of age in the choice of treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is still debated. In summary, although the laparoscopic antireflux surgery is generally undertaken with some hesitation in the elderly and the total fundoplication is considered an obstacle in presence of defective peristaltic activity, some authors recently showed good clinical outcome and low morbid...

Questionnaire based assessment scales for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been utilized for assessment of the patient's symptomatology, assessment of symptom severity and frequency, assessment of health-related quality of life and for assessment of response to treatment. A multitude of unidimensional and multidimensional questionnaires exist for making symptom assessment and monitor...

BACKGROUND Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH-metry (MII-pH) is a technique that enables monitoring of gastroesophageal reflux independent of its acidity. AIM To investigate the utility of MII-pH in the clinical investigation of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. METHODS 32 consecutive patients underwent 24-hour ambulatory MII-pH. 16 patients wer...

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) includes all consequences of reflux acid or other irritants (pepsin, duodenal contents in liver biliary diseases) from the stomach into the esophagus. The main cause of gastroesophageal and duodenogastral reflux is incompetence of the antireflux barriers at the esophagogastric junction. Object: To determine the prevalence of ORL’ symptoms in ...

Background. There is no gold standard test for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) associated infantile wheezing. Objectives. To evaluate the value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) pepsin assay in diagnosis of GERD in wheezy infants. Methods. Fifty-two wheezy infants were evaluated for GERD using esophageal combined impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring, esophagogastroduodenoscopy wit...