Very recently, the Atomic AES architecture that provides dual functionality of the AES encryption and decryption module was proposed. It was surprisingly compact and occupied only around 2605 GE of silicon area and took 226 cycles for both the encryption and decryption operations. In this work we further optimize the above architecture to provide the dual encryption/decryption functionality in ...

Neurophysiological recording experiments in the dopamine system by Schultz and colleagues (Science 275 (1997) 1593}1598) suggest that neurons there are involved in learning to predict rewards and assess behaviors using the temporal-di!erence algorithm. One aspect of this theory which is undeveloped and experimentally underconstrained is its assumption of an exhaustive input representing all sti...

Several methods have recently been proposed to detect salient input features for outputs of neural networks. Those methods offer a qualitative glimpse at feature importance, but they fall short of providing quantifiable attributions that can be compared across decisions and measures of the expected quality of their explanations. To address these shortcomings, we present an attentive mixture of ...

According to current models of word recognition, the time to recognize a word would be affected by the frequency of its neighbors. The present study examined the role of neighborhood frequency in spoken word recognition, using a definition of the neighborhood in terms of the last candidates of the cohort aligned from onset with the input [8]. Two sets of disyllabic CVCV words were selected whic...

Low-contrast visual stimuli have been found to produce a memory trace, enhancing subsequent target detection for as much as 16 s. Here we show that the memory trace depends on dynamic interactions between low-level stimulus properties and a higher-level gating process. Detection of vertical targets (Gabor signals) was enhanced by preceding vertical Gabor primes, but suppressed by preceding tilt...

Gating in flow cytometry is a highly important process for selecting populations of interests by defining the characteristics of particles for further data acquisition or analysis. GatingML represents a specification on how to form unambiguous XML-based gate definitions. Such a description of gates facilitates the interchange and validation of data and analysis among different software packages...

Abstract: In this paper, a power-gating technology for single-rail MOS Current Mode Logic (SRMCML) circuits is presented, which use the high-threshold PMOS transistors as linear load resistors to reduce the power dissipation in the sleep mode. The basic SRMCML cells, such as buffer/inverter, AND2/NAND2, AND3/NAND3, OR2/NOR2, OR3/NOR3, XOR2/XNOR2, multiplexer, and 1-bit full adder, are used to v...

Voltage sensor domains (VSDs) are a feature of voltage gated ion channels (VGICs) and voltage sensitive proteins. They are composed of four transmembrane (TM) segments (S1-S4). Currents leaking through VSDs are called omega or gating pore currents. Gating pores are caused by mutations of the highly conserved positively charged amino acids in the S4 segment that disrupt interactions between the ...

Low threshold Ca2+ currents mediated by T-type channels underlie burst spike activities of relay neurons in the thalamus. We have previously reported that knock-out mice for T-type channels show an enhanced nociceptive response to visceral pain, accompanied by an increase in tonic spikes in the absence of burst spikes in thalamic relay neurons. These results raised a possibility that T-type cha...

Sensory gating deficits are seen in individuals with schizophrenia and schizotypal disorders, yet smoking influence, regional or lateral difference effects are rarely assessed. We examined sensory gating in smokers and non-smokers within university-level high and low schizotypal personality (HiS and LoS) groups using [Raine, A., 1991. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ): A measure o...