background: type ii diabetes is known as one of the most important, prevalent, and expensive diseases of mankind. late diagnosis and subsequent delayed initiation of treatment or surveillance of patients create a variety of problems for affected individuals. this has raised increasing concerns for public health authorities throughout the world. in the current study, we aimed to find a new appro...

b a c k g r o u n d  & aim: it is very helpful to classify and predict the clinical  category  of a sample based  on  its  gene  expression  profile.  this  study  was  conducted  to predict  tissues  of colorectal adenoma,  adenocarcinoma,  and  paired  normal  in  colon  based  on  microarray  data  using  nearest shrunken centroid method. methods   &  materials:    in  this  study,   the  co...

background calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase iiα (camkiiα) may modulate the function of mu-opioid receptors by phosphorylation and therefore, be involved in development of morphine-induced analgesic tolerance. objectives the current study aimed to examine changes in gene expression of camkiiα in the lumbosacral cord and midbrain during induction of morphine analgesic tolerance. materi...

rna extraction is a prerequisite technique for gene expression studies, analyzing the etiology and disease progression, treatment effects, as well as designing the diagnostic methods. although many rna extraction kits have been commercialized, but these kits are expensive and are not accessible in some countries. many studies have shown that trizol is an applicable material for the rna extracti...

abstract: a pure nucleotide pool is an essential precursor of correct dna replication and prevention of mutagenesis and abnormality in a living cell. inosine triphosphatase (itpase) is a critical enzyme to remove any deaminated rough purine nucleotides such as inosine from nucleotide pool. it has been shown that the rate of substitution mutation in genomic dna increase by abnormal function and ...

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, food-borne microorganism responsible for invasive infections with a high overall mortality. L. monocytogenes is among the very few microorganisms that can induce uptake into the host cell and subsequently enter the host cell cytosol by breaching the vacuolar membrane. We infected the murine macrophage cell line P388D1 with L. monocytogenes strain EGD-e...

Water absorption is a prerequisite for seed germination. During imbibition, water influx causes the resumption of many physiological and metabolic processes in growing seed. In order to obtain more complete knowledge about the mechanism of seed germination, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was applied to investigate the protein profile changes of rice seed during the first 48 h of imbibition...

Postmortem analysis of brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to diverse theories about the causes of the pathology, suggesting that this complex disease involves multiple physiological changes. In an effort to better understand the variety and integration of these changes, we generated a gene expression profile for AD brain. Comparing affected and unaffected brain regions in ...

Leukocytes are classified as myelocytic or lymphocytic, and each class of leukocytes consists of several types of cells that have different phenotypes and different roles. To define the gene expression in these cells, we have performed serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) using human leukocytes and have provided the gene database for these cells not only at the resting stage but also at th...

In this review, we have discussed the class-prediction and discovery methods that are applied to gene expression data, along with the implications of the findings. We attempted to present a unified approach that considers both class-prediction and class-discovery. We devoted a substantial part of this review to an overview of pattern classification/recognition methods and discussed important is...