The toxicity of quinones is generally thought to occur by two mechanisms: the formation of covalent bonds with biological molecules by Michael addition chemistry and the catalytic reduction of oxygen to superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) (redox cycling). In an effort to distinguish between these general mechanisms of toxicity, we have examined the toxicity of five quinones to ye...

objective(s):copper oxidenanoparticles have different industrial applications so it is inevitable that nanoparticulate products finally find their way into aquatic ecosystems. nevertheless there is little information available about their effects on some of edible fish. the present study aims to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of two sub-acute concentrations (50 and 70% 96 ...

toxic and direct teratogenic potential of two dominant iranian cultivars of carthamus tinctorius (safflower), floret extracts, il 111 and lrv 51 51, were investigated. the extracts are commonly used in foods and medicinal products. neither death nor alteration of stereotype activities was observed with il 111 and lrv 51 51 extracts up to 17 g/kg in 48 h in mice and rats. haemoglobin was decreas...

The purposes of acute toxicity testing are to obtain information on the biologic activity of a chemical and gain insight into its mechanism of action. The information on acute systemic toxicity generated by the test is used in hazard identification and risk management in the context of production, handling, and use of chemicals. The LD50 value, defined as the statistically derived dose that, wh...

descriptive case report of a 42-year old woman with coetaneous vasculitis, and severe abdominal pain, which was led to diagnostic laparotomy. these presentations are probably as a side effect of methocarbamol injection. this is the first report according to our literature search (pubmed, google scholar, isi web of knowledge, proquest, md consult, science direct, scopus) about methocarbamol rela...

in recent years, biotechnology has provided the possibility of creating genetically modified (gm) organisms by transferring genes from sources such as viruses, bacteria, animals, and plants into usually unrelated species. this ability to overcome insurmountable physiological barriers by exchanging genetic materials among all living organisms is a double-edged sword. on the one hand, it allows t...

background: phenol and its derivatives like dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol (carbolic acid) are widely used as insecticides, but they are very toxic substances. phenol is a general protoplasmic poison with corrosive local effects that denature proteins. poisoning with phenol compounds may occur by ingestion, inhalation, and absorption through skin. in this report we presented the toxicity e...