To the Editor Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into 8 major genotypes A to H, with an intergenotypic diversity of at least 8% in the full genome sequence. Genotypes A to D are the most common worldwide, with genotype A predominant in Western Europe, North America and Africa, genotypes B and C most frequent in Asia, and genotype D present in Mediterranean countries [1] . There is incr...

Recently, BH(4)-responsive phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency was reported in patients with specific mutations in the PAH gene, and it was suggested that BH(4) responsiveness may be determined by the respective genotypes. We now report on three patients with PAH deficiency and the same genotype but different responses to standardized BH(4) loading. Our results suggest that BH(4) respons...

The influence of apolipoprotein E alleles and genotypes on plasma lipid levels was determined in 185 individuals of mixed ethnicity living in Ouro Preto, Brazil. DNA was obtained from blood samples and the genotypes were determined by an RFLP-PCR procedure. The *3 allele was the most frequent (72%), followed by *4 (20%) and *2 (8%); *4 frequency was higher and *2 frequency was lower in the dysl...

The growth and development of pigs is determined by their genotype environmental conditions (primarily the level feeding), however, number works aimed at studying complex influence genetic non-genetic factors in interaction currently insufficient. purpose our work was to estimate effect MC4R genotype, feeding these on backfat thickness crossbred investigate possibility correcting melanocortin-4...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the SP-B deficiency and gene mutations in exon 4 is associated with neonatal RDS in China Han ethnic population. METHODS The study population consisted of 40 neonates with RDS and 40 neonates with other diseases as control in China Han ethnic population. We Compared SP-B expression in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with immunoblotting, and analyzed...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted hepatropic virus. It segregates as four genotypes. All genotypes infect humans while only genotypes 3 and 4 also infect several animal species. It has been suggested that hepatitis E is zoonotic, but no study has analyzed the evolutionary history of HEV. We present here an analysis of the evolutionary history of HEV. METHODS AND...

BACKGROUND Approximately 170 million people are infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide, making it one of the world's major infectious diseases. There are no published population based studies about the prevalence of HCV genotypes in Bahrain. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HCV genotypes and subtypes among a larg...