a place-name or a toponym is a word used to indicate, denote or identify a geographic locality. place-names are formed in the course of history of a region and are affected by various linguistic, social, political and cultural events. toponymy is the taxonomic study of place-names, based on etymological, historical and geographical information. this paper first defines toponym and topnymy and i...

News coverage can play a vital role during public health crises, raising awareness about potential risks, informing response efforts, and encouraging preventive behaviors. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased precariousness of journalists while introducing new challenges in their work. This article presents results thematic analysis 612 news articles initial stages outbreak Portugal, pu...

This paper focuses on private sources of knowledge specifically customers and competitors as sources of innovative activity. Our main argument is that the two sources are correlated even after controlling for several factors at the level of technology, individual and organization. What is more, we show that the geographical distance of these sources modifies the intensity of this correlation, i...

This empirical study focuses on the impact of an information technology (IT), specifically electronic mail (e-mail), on three basic organization components: structure, people, and tasks. An Organizational Interaction Diamond (OID) model is developed illustrating how each component enables changes in other components interacting with the organization’s internal and external environments. The org...

Globally distributed software development is facing challenges brought by geographic distance, temporal separation, and cultural diversity. Yet research regarding the impact of temporal separation and cultural differences is limited. This paper draws on an interpretive case study to examine the influence of culture on temporal separation and coordination of globally distributed software develop...

This paper presents a method to model network delay for overlay network application. The network topology measurement technology and network AS information is used to build up model of network delay via AS and geographic distance. Based on global Internet measurement result, we calculated the parameters of the model. Furthermore, the model verification is done by comparing on AS-MMI protocol an...

In this research, we examine the relationship between power and three characteristics of construal—abstraction, valence, and certainty—in individuals’ verbatim reactions to the events of September 11, 2001 and during the immediate aftermath of the terrorist attacks. We conceptualize power as a form of social distance and find that position power (but not expert power) was positively associated ...

Markets that are well-integrated spatially are important to the stability and success of the economy because they balance supply and demand and create incentives for innovation. Electronic commerce has the potential to improve market integration by providing visibility into supply/demand conditions in different geographic regions and facilitating trade across geographic distance. We study the e...

A tremendous amount of information is being shared every day on social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter or Google+. However, only a small portion of users provide their location information, which can be helpful in targeted advertising and many other services. Current methods in location estimation using social relationships consider social friendship as a simple binary relationship. Howev...