This study profiles the characteristics and motivations of participants from Luxembourg in national and international formal standardization activities. The study considers both experts and the organizations to which the experts belong. By adopting a qualitative approach, data have been mainly collected through 24 semi-structured interviews with experts and public available register data on the...

WHO has been publishing guidelines for assessment of quality of herbal raw material from time to time, however now it is emphasizing on standardization of herbal preparations. As there are different kinds of preparations available in the traditional systems, a common technique of standardization is not available. This article reviews the recent techniques that are used in herbal drug standardiz...

Standardization is widely assumed to be important to advance science. This assumption is typically embedded in initiatives to devise infrastructure and policies to support scientific work. This paper examines a movement comprising scientists advocating methods standardization in an emerging scientific domain, the deep subseafloor biosphere. This movement is not primarily motivated by the usual ...

Standardization of business processes is considered as an important instrument in the context of business process management. However, research in that field has mostly focused on the impact of business process standardization on business process performance while only a few attempts have been made to determine the success factors for effective process standardization, yet. Moreover, a major is...

Technological standardization is an essential prerequisite for the implementation of new technologies: The interdependencies of these technologies require common rules (“standardization”) to ensure compatibility. Though standardization is prevalent in practically every sector of industrialized economies, its macroeconomic implications have not been analyzed so far. Using data on standardization...

Geometric programming is efficient tool for solving a variety of nonlinear optimizationproblems. Geometric programming is generalized for solving engineering design. However,Now Geometric programming is powerful tool for optimization problems where decisionvariables have exponential form.The geometric programming method has been applied with known parameters. However,the observed values of the ...

The article reviews standardization methods commonly employed to adjust for response bias in cross-cultural research. First, different standardization procedures are reviewed and a classification scheme is provided. Standardization procedures are classified according to the statistical information used (means, standard deviation) and the source of this information (individual, group, or culture...

One of the most complex challenges that multinational corporations (MNCs) face is harmonizing the opposing forces of standardization versus localization. Based on a large-scale survey of headquarters (HQs) and subsidiaries of American, Japanese and German MNCs, we provide evidence that MNCs can no longer afford to define standardization simply as the worldwide adoption of HQ practices. Standard...

In the first ‘Wavelets and Statistics’ conference proceedings 1, our group published ‘Wavelab and Reproducible Research’, in which we advocated using the internet for publication of software and data so that research results could be duplicated by others. Much has happened in the last decade that bears on the notion of reproducibility, and we will review our experience. We will also describe a ...