A four-step development, optimization and validation strategy for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of Ginkgo biloba extract is described. A suitable chromatographic system was selected first. The following step was performing a screening design to select important parameters. After selecting some controllable parameters and their range to further optimize, gradient opt...

Several studies have tested the efficacy of ginkgo biloba using compromised visual systems and have found improvement in vision. We measured functional changes in the visual system of older, healthy adults to see if ginkgo extract EGb 761 would increase performance in the normal visual system. Two electrophysiological measures were taken during baseline, placebo, and treatment conditions: visua...

Evaluate the effect of the extract of Ginkgo biloba in the bone alkaline phosphatase, bone mineral density, in the mechanical properties of the tibia in rats with glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis. After osteoporosis induction, the rats were divided into five groups: Osteoporosis; EGb1 (28 mg/Kg); EGb2 (56 mg/Kg); alendronate (0.2 mg/animal) and control. The animals were treated during 20 and...

Results: Th e administration of haloperidol (2 mg/kg, IP) resulted in signifi cant catalepsy. Piracetam (in dosages of 50, 100, and 300 mg/kg) given IP at the time of haloperidol administration reduced the duration of catalepsy by 24.4%, 32.3%, and 48.2%, respectively. Piracetam given as a 30-min pretreatment reduced the duration of catalepsy by 59.5%, 72.3%, and 78.2%, respectively. Vinpocetin...

Patients with psychotic disorders regularly use natural medicines, although it is unclear whether these are effective and safe. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of evidence for improved outcomes by natural medicines. A systematic literature search was performed through Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane until May 2015. In 110 randomized controlled trials, evidence was found...

Ginkgo biloba is a widely used herbal product that could potentially have a severe interaction with warfarin, which is the most frequently prescribed anticoagulant agent in North America. Literature, however, provides conflicting evidence on the presence and severity of the interaction. In this study, we developed text processing methods to extract the ginkgo usage and combined it with prescrip...

This review of the literature documents the efficacy of a standard extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) in managing signs and symptoms associated with memory disorders and dementia. Analysis of the discrepant findings reveals that study outcomes may vary with the type of population studied, the outcome measurements selected, and the dosing tested. Overall, the efficacy of EGb was more frequently repo...

Plant-associated microorganisms affect the health of their hosts in diverse ways, yet the distribution of these organisms within individual plants remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed the spatial variability in bacterial community diversity and composition found on and in aboveground tissues of individual Ginkgo biloba trees. We sampled bacterial communities fro...

Polyprenol (GBP) from Ginkgo biloba Leaves (GBL) is an important lipid with many bioactive effects. The effect of GBP on antibacterial properties of five antibiotics belonging to different classes was through analysis of inhibition halos, MIC, and FIC index. And we studied the time-killing curves and Ca(2+) mobilization assay in Staphylococcus aureus cells treated with GBP microemulsion and gen...

Typhoon No. 13 in 2006 (Typhoon 0613) passed through Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan on Sep. 17, 2006. After being hit by it, many landscape trees, especially ginkgo in Yamaguchi City, showed symptoms of necrosis on the leaf tip and margin, and even the entire leaf. It clearly divided the crowns of some ginkgo trees into the green part and the non-green part. In order to quantitatively study this p...