In spatial data models for various applications, such as geographical information systems (GISs), the importance of topological relations is widely recognized. Topology makes very general statements about the structure and the relations of spatial objects. A refinement of topology by means of other geometric aspects can help to bend the various models that have been developed for topological re...

In recent years, there is an increasing demand for improving the efficiency and reliability of urban planning in China, due to the inclusive changes of concepts and contents of urban planning and management. The integrated utilisation of remote sensing and GIS technology in improving urban planning was therefore approached by the author and his research group. The basic methodology of this work...

Abstract. This paper describes version 2.0 of the Global Change and Air Pollution (GCAP 2.0) model framework, a one-way offline coupling between E2.1 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation (GCM) GEOS-Chem global 3-D chemical-transport (CTM). Meteorology driving has been archived from contributions to phase 6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) pre-industri...

Practical needs in the realm of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) have driven the efforts to investigate formal and sound methods to describe spatial relations. After an introduction of the basic ideas and notions of topology, a novel theory of topological spatial relations between sets is developed in which the relations are defined in terms of the intersections of the boundaries and inter...

2D vector maps are very important data in geographical information systems (GISs). It is considered to be content for which verification of integrity and authentication are urgently required. Using a marking technique and a rotation, scaling and translation (RST) invariant watermark generation method, we propose a scheme that detects and locates malicious attacks with high accuracy while provid...

Small enterprises are beginning to utilize Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and spatial technologies. Since these technologies have only recently become widely available for small enterprises, there are challenges including costs, training, skilled workforce, data gathering and management, and competitive strategy. Two conceptual theories of GIS strategy are discussed with respect to small...

Within the collaborative research centre SFB350 at the University of Bonn a component software called GeoToolKit has been developed, which is intended to facilitate the design and implementation of 3D/4D geological applications. It provides a range of geo-oriented software building blocks for application developers involving database management system based spatial and temporal data maintenance...

The ability to deliver sustainable development is a significant issue for countries world-wide and the use of correct, current and integrated spatial information about the built and natural environments is paramount to this. SDIs have become crucial tools in facilitating how spatial data and spatial information are used. Initially SDIs were implemented as a mechanism to facilitate access and sh...