1 Institut für Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Ass. Euratom-FZ Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany8 2 EURATOM UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, UK 3 Laboratory for Plasma Physics, Ass. Euratom-Belgian State, Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium8 4 FOM-Instituut voor Plasmafysica ‘Rijnhuizen’, Ass. Euratom-...

The forced oscillator method (FOM) is particularly suitable to treat very large matrices by using advanced modern supercomputers. This method enables us to calculate in an efficient way spectral densities, eigenvalues, and their eigenvectors of large-scale matrices. In addition, linear response functions of systems described by these matrices can be computed by the FOM. We have also developed t...

We formalize ideas of orthogonality and inner products implicit in the development of a number of figures of merit (FOM) of color recording filters. We show that, in negligible measurement noise, the data dependence of each FOM based on linear color correction is equivalent to a choice of inner product (and hence of orthogonality). Further, we show that optimal sensors with respect to noise sen...

In this study, novel dual-energy detection modes for digital mammography, consisting of a combination of gas detector media with semiconductor detectors, are presented and discussed. The purpose of this study is to measure experimentally the figure of merit (FOM) of this multimedia detector for dual-energy imaging. The experimental results indicate that the multimedia detector exhibits a high F...

In this paper, we present a spectral analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor based on multilayer graphene (MLG) operating as terahertz refractometer. This device's structure is Kretschmann configuration, and the layers are modeled surface impedances with conductivity described by Kubo model. The structure's electromagnetic response obtained from Generalized Coefficients Model, consid...

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The multiple-divide technique, using the multiratio frequency divider, has a possibility to improve FoM of VCO. This paper proposes a design optimization of LC-VCO using the multiple-divide technique. In the simulated results using 90-nm CMOS model parameters, the optimum frequency range, achieving better than −187.0 dBc/Hz of FoM, can be extended from 6.5∼12.5 GHz to 1.5∼12.5 GHz. The proposed...