In developed countries, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency usually occurs in children, exclusively breastfed ones whose mothers are vegetarian, causing low body stores of vitamin B12. The haematologic manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency is pernicious anaemia. It is a megaloblastic anaemia with high mean corpuscular volume and typical morphological features, such as hyperlobulation of the nu...

Background The oral contact dermatitis caused by cinnamon was initially described by Drake in 1976, in a patient with stomatitis caused by toothpaste containing cinnamon. It is an uncommon mechanisms due to the oral mucosa ́s own mechanisms such as saliva that acts as a diluent and buffer, and a low number of antigen presenting cells present. Cases with multiple forms of presentation are describ...

Changes in the oral epithelium in irondeficiency anaemia have long been recognized, and the clinical picture of glossitis and stomatitis, sometimes in association with dysphagia, is especially familiar in women with "idiopathic" hypochromic anaemia (Paterson, 1919). Waldenstrom (1938) has shown that these changes may occur in cases of occult iron deficiency in which anaemia has not yet develope...

Borrelia-specific antibodies are not detectable until several weeks after infection and even if they are present, they are no proof of an active infection. Since the sensitivity of culture and PCR for the diagnosis or exclusion of borreliosis is too low, a method is required that detects an active Borrelia infection as early as possible. For this purpose, a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) ...

By MONTAGUE LAisn AND CLARENCE P. ALFREY, Jn. T HE RAPID INDUCTION of experimental riboflavin deficiency in man resulted in the development of a severe anemia which was reversed by riboflavin administration.1’2 In addition to the anemia, the patients developed a deficiency syndrome characterized by sore throat, hyperemia and edema of the pharyngeal and oral mucous membranes, cheilosis, angular ...

Megaloblastic anemias are a subgroup of macrocytic anemias, in which distinctive morphologic abnormalities occur in red cell precursors in bone marrow, namely megaloblastic erythropoiesis. Of the many causes of megaloblastic anemia, the most common are disorders resulting from cobalamin or folate deficiency. The clinical symptoms are weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath and neurologic abnorma...

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are known as chronic inflammatory disorders of the digestive tract, represented mainly by Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Among the main oral manifestations of IBD are cobblestoning of the oral mucosa, labial swellings with vertical fissures, pyostomatitis vegetans, angular cheilitis, perioral erythema, and glossitis. In this sense, understand...

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, relapsing, papulo-squamous dermatitis, with overlying silvery scales. The scalp, sacral region, and extensor surfaces of extremity are commonly involved, even if flexural and intertriginous areas may be affected in the so-called "inverse psoriasis". Involvement of nails is frequent. Oral lesions (geographic stomatitis and/or glossitis) are commonly described. 5-8...