PURPOSE To evaluate, in vivo, at the cellular level, glucose metabolism in the rat inner retina, and to determine how inner retinal glucose metabolism is affected by photoreceptor degeneration. METHODS Glucose metabolism was evaluated using the 2-deoxyglucose technique. This is an autoradiographic technique that permits evaluation of glucose uptake at the cellular level. The three experimenta...

High-capacity running (HCR) rats are protected against the early (i.e., ∼ 11 wk postsurgery) development of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced insulin resistance (IR) compared with low-capacity running (LCR) rats. The purpose of this study was to utilize the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to determine whether 1) HCR rats remain protected from OVX-induced IR when the time following OVX is extended to ...

AIM Melatonin supplementation reduces insulin resistance and protects the heart in obese rats. However, its role in myocardial glucose uptake remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of short-term melatonin treatment on glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes isolated from obese and insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were isolated from obese rats fed a high-calorie diet for 16...

Diabetic hearts are known to be more susceptible to ischemic disease. Biguanides, like metformin, are known antidiabetic drugs that lower blood glucose concentrations by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose disposal in muscle. Part of these metabolic effects is thought to be mediated by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In this work, we studied the r...

BETZ, A. LORRIS, DAVID D. GILBOE, DAVID L. YUDILEVICH, AND LESTER R. DREWES. Kinefics of unidz’rechzal glucose fransport into the isoluted dog brain. Am. J. Physiol. 225(3): 586592* 1973.An indicator-dilution technique with 22Na as the intravascular marker was used to measure unidirectional transport of D-glucose6-3H from blood into the isolated dog brain. The rate of unidirectional glucose tra...

Efficient mechanisms of glucose absorption are necessary for volant animals as a means of reducing mass during flight: they speed up gut transit time and require smaller volume and mass of gut tissue. One mechanism that may be important is absorption via paracellular (non-mediated) pathways. This may be particularly true for nectarivorous species which encounter large quantities of sugar in the...

In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, insulin activates three major signaling cascades, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, the Cbl pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Although PI3K and Cbl mediate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by promoting the translocation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane, the MAPK pathway does not have a...

Resveratrol acts as a chemopreventive agent for cancer and as a potential antiobesity and antidiabetic compound, by leading to reduced body fat and improved glucose homeostasis. The exact mechanisms involved in improving hyperglycemic state are not known, but most of the glucose uptake into mammalian cells is facilitated by the GLUT hexose transporters. Resveratrol is structurally similar to is...

BACKGROUND The heart requires constant sources of energy mostly from free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose. The alteration in myocardial substrate metabolism occurs in the heart of diabetic patients, but its specific association with other metabolic variables remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate glucose uptake in hearts of subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and type 2 diab...

Patients and individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease show reduced glucose metabolism in the brain. A new study takes advantage of a fly model of Alzheimer's disease to demonstrate that enhancing glucose uptake in neurons has strong neuroprotective effects involving improved proteostasis.