UNLABELLED Many bacteria contain large cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) signaling networks made of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases that can direct cellular activities sensitive to c-di-GMP levels. While DGCs synthesize c-di-GMP, many DGCs also contain an autoinhibitory site (I-site) that binds c-di-GMP to halt excess production of this small molecule, thus controlling the amount...

The effects of acetylcholine, ischemia, and anoxia on myocardial cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP were investigated in isolated rat hearts perfused under either constant flow (14 ml/min) or constant pressure (100 cm H,O) conditions with physiological saline gassed with 95% O,-5% COj. In paced, constant flow-perfused hearts, cyclic GMP increased from a control of 35 to 62 fmol/mg protein and remained e...

OprF is the major outer membrane porin in bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas genus. In previous studies, we have shown that OprF is required for full virulence expression of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we describe molecular insights on the nature of this relationship and report that the absence of OprF leads to increased biofilm formation and production of the Pe...

Bacterial biofilm formation during chronic infections confers increased fitness, antibiotic tolerance, and cytotoxicity. In many pathogens, the transition from a planktonic lifestyle to collaborative, sessile biofilms represents a regulated process orchestrated by the intracellular second-messenger c-di-GMP. A main effector for c-di-GMP signaling in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aerugi...

Ischemia-reperfusion reduces the negative functional effects of cyclic GMP in cardiac myocytes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that upregulation of hypoxic inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) would improve the actions of cyclic GMP signaling following simulated ischemia-reperfusion. HIF-1 alpha was increased with deferoxamine (150 mg/kg for 2 days). Rabbit cardiac myocytes were subjected to sim...

The intracellular ratio of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) to guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) may control the developmental pathway followed by antibody-forming cell (AFC) precursors. The evidence for this is derived from several different types of experiments. First lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is mitogenic for B lymphocytes, stimulates rapid, transient ch...

Objectives: Grand multiparity (GMP) is a term used for women who have delivered previously five or more times. Despite availability of modern obstetrical care it still remains an obstetrical risk and obstetricians consider it as a high risk pregnancy. Occurrence of GMP in developed countries has been decreasing, with the exception in some communities like Saudi Arabia. We tried to explore the r...

The adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to vascular endothelial cells (EC) is an early and fundamental event in acute inflammation. This process requires the regulated expression of molecules on both the EC and PMN. EC stimulated with histamine or thrombin coexpress two proadhesive molecules within minutes: granule membrane protein 140 (GMP-140), a member of the selectin family, and...

Cyclic GMP contents of the thyroid gland and ovary were significantly increased in response to single and multiple treatments of bromocriptine, an effect which was antagonized by sulpiride. Liver and adrenocortical cyclic GMP levels have not been changed by bromocriptine although sulpiride alone induced a significant reduction. The data may indicate the presence of D2 receptors in ovary and thy...

This study is the first to provide a comprehensive characterization of liquid and volatile fractions whole goat milk powder (GMP). Robust nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based chemical fingerprinting methods were optimized implemented. The untargeted 1H-NMR analysis resolved 44 metabolites in GMP. NMR technique effectively identified coming from al...