this paper examines the impact of government expenditure on the nigerian economy for the period 1983 - 2012. the government expenditure components used as the explanatory variables in the model are: expenditures on health, education, defense, agriculture and transportation and communication. the gross domestic product (gdp) was used as a parameter for measuring economic growth. in order to esta...

I examine the effect of political turnover on government expenditure policy in Indian state legislatures during 1980-2000. Much similar to arguments for term limits, greater turnover of elected may weaken their hold on the office, and hence, forces them to be more competent. However, a counter-argument is that greater turnover shortens an elected official’s expected stay in the office, which gi...

1.1 The national budget is a plan which spells out the socio-economic development agenda of the government and reflects its highest level of political commitment in a given year. As such, it identifies sources of revenue and allocates expenditures to government programs based on the priorities in the development agenda. For 2008, the proposed total expenditure program amounts to P1.227 trillion...

The potential interactions among fiscal policies, investments and economic growth are complex and manifold. In this paper, we will perform a systematic comparative analysis of the various economic insights that are currently available on these complex relationships, both theoretically (by a selective literature review) and empirically (by investigating available data from various countries). De...

Protection from care–related catastrophic expenditures through equitable access to affordable health services is the hallmark of a pro–poor health policy [1]. Over the past two decades, the Government of Ethiopia has implemented policies with a clear intent of reducing poverty and improving the daily lives of its citizens, especially the poor [2]. Guided by these cross cutting pro– poor governm...

For the period 1990-95, we will present data on health care spending by business, households, and government. In addition, we will measure the relative impact of these expenditures on each sector's ability to pay. In 1994 and 1995, health care costs experienced the slowest growth in 3 decades. Combined with healthy revenue growth, slow cost growth helped ease or stabilize the financing burden f...

Australia has had a government subsidized universal system of pharmaceutical provision for 50 years. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) consumes around 14 percent of total government health care expenditures and has grown substantially in both range of drugs covered, and expenditure since it was first introduced in 1950. It incorporates patient copayments (with differentials for the gener...

Government Securities (SBN) is one of the instruments that dominates in financing deficit State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) Indonesia. This line with government's efforts to continuously improve financial independence. The purpose this study analyze effect SBN other factors on economic growth through government spending, condition debt sustainability Indonesia using data for period 20...

background: with the increased range of medical insurance coverage in china, the proportion of medical expenditure shouldered by individuals is declining. the problem is the rapidly growing scale of medical expenditures challenges the sustainability of medical insurance funds. methods: this study used the heckman selection model, survival analysis, and ordered probit model to evaluate the effec...

OBJECTIVE To describe variation in Tobacco Institute (TI) lobbying expenditures across states and test whether these expenditures vary in relationship to measures of tobacco control activity at the state level. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Data for this study came from the TI's State Activities Division (SAD) annual budgets for the years 1991-97, excluding 1993. These data include budgetary informati...