Background Vesigenurtacel-L (HS-410), consists of an allogeneic bladder cancer cell line, selected for high expression of a series of tumor antigens that are known to be shared by a high proportion of bladder tumors. The cell line secretes gp96-Ig, a modified heat shock protein which delivers cellderived antigens to MHC-I via the cross-presentation pathway, leading to preferential activation of...

The dramatic clinical success of checkpoint inhibitory therapy (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1) in a small percentage of patients has highlighted the need to identify combination approaches that may increase the frequency of responders. Two immunotherapy modalities that are proposed to synergize both with each other, and with checkpoint inhibitors are therapeutic vaccines and T cell co-stimulators. ...

The frog Xenopus provides a unique model system for studying the evolutionary conservation of the immunological properties of heat shock proteins (hsps). General methods for maintaining and immunizing isogenetic clones of defined MHC genotypes are presented together with more recently developed protocols for exploring hsp-mediated immune responses in vitro (proliferative and cytotoxic assays) a...

We study the performance of various strategies for scheduling a combined load of unicast and multicast tra c in a broadcast WDM network. The performance measure of interest is schedule length, which directly a ects both aggregate network throughput and average packet delay. Three di erent scheduling strategies are presented, namely: separate scheduling of unicast and multicast tra c, treating m...