In this paper we review recent progress made to understand granular chutes flow using multi-scale modeling techniques. We introduce the discrete particle method (DPM) and explain how to construct continuum fields from discrete data in a way that is consistent with the macroscopic concept of mass and momentum conservation. We present a novel advanced contact detection method that is able of deal...

Background Aerobic granular sludge has become an attractive alternative to the conventional activated sludge due to its high settling velocity, compact structure, and higher tolerance to toxic substances and adverse conditions. Aerobic granular sludge process has been studied intensively in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater. However, information on leachate treatment using ae...

Starch digestion in the human body is typically viewed in a sequential manner beginning with α-amylase and followed by α-glucosidase to produce glucose. This report indicates that the two enzyme types can act synergistically to digest granular starch structure. The aim of this study was to investigate how the mucosal α-glucosidases act with α-amylase to digest granular starch. Two types of enzy...

Due to unspecified operational problems, the specific acetoclastic activity (SAA) of the anaerobic granular sludge present in an industrial UASB reactor was considerably damaged (from 250 to less than 10mL CH(4)@STP/gVSS.d), significantly reducing the biogas production of that industrial unit. The hydrogenotrophic methanogenic activity exhibited a value of 600mL CH4@STP/gVSS.d, the settling vel...

Aerobic activated sludge granules are dense, spherical biofilms which can strongly improve purification efficiency and sludge settling in wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the structure and development of different granule types were analyzed. Biofilm samples originated from lab-scale sequencing batch reactors which were operated with malthouse, brewery, and artificial wastewater. ...

A statistical model characterizing the granular structure of snow is developed using quantitative stereology. The model is based on specific parameters (e.g. bond radius, grain-size, etc.) which take the form of internal-state variables in a constitutive theory for high-rate deformation of snow. In addition to parameters developed by other authors in previous investigations, a new parameter cha...

We present a molecular-dynamics and kinetic theory study of granular material, modeled by inelastic hard disks, fluidized by a random driving force. The focus is on collisional averages and short-distance correlations in the nonequilibrium steady state, in order to analyze in a quantitative manner the breakdown of molecular chaos, i.e., factorization of the two-particle distribution function, f...

Azeddine Benabbou, Houman Borouchaki, Patrick Laug, and Jian Lu 1 INRIA, BP 105, 75153 Le Chesnay cedex, France [email protected] 2 University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie BP2060, 10010 Troyes Cedex, France [email protected] 3 INRIA, BP 105, 75153 Le Chesnay cedex, France [email protected] 4 Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong [email protected]...