In this paper simple formulae are derived for calculating the number of spanning trees of different product graphs. The products considered in here consists of Cartesian, strong Cartesian, direct, Lexicographic and double graph. For this purpose, the Laplacian matrices of these product graphs are used. Form some of these products simple formulae are derived and whenever direct formulation was n...

Polyphenol-rich grape seeds have a beneficial effect on human health. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of grape seeds on antioxidant activities in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control diet group (C), a high-fat diet group (HF), a 5% grape seed-supplemented control diet group (G), and a 5% grape seed-supplemented high-fat diet group (HG). ...

The main source of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the wine food chain is the infection of grapes by "black aspergilli" in the field. OTA-producing black aspergilli include principally Aspergillus carbonarius, followed by A. niger and possibly A. tubingensis. They are opportunistic fungi that develop particularly on damaged berries at ripening, although they may occur and form OTA on grapes from veraison...

Grape pomace is the main solid residue of wine industry, mainly composed seeds, skins and stalks, all containing high amounts valuable phytochemicals. Considering its potential, in this review, an outlook on different resources products, which can be obtained by recovery grape provided. Special attention has been devoted to analysis chemical, physical biotechnological processes applied also val...

Anthocyanins are antioxidants and are among the natural products synthesized via the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Anthocyanins have been recommended for dietary intake in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and age-related conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or dementia. With an increasingly aging population in many parts of the world, strategies for the commercial producti...

grape, like other horticultural products due to high humidity, low relative ph and wealth of nutrients, is subjected to attack by pathogenic fungi during the harvest and storage stages. in this study, at first, the some post-harvest pathogenic fungi of grape were isolated in meshgin-shahr and two fungal species including botrytis cinerea and cladosporium cladosporioides were identified as the d...

The world population is growing rapidly. As a consequence increasingly more products of crop plants are needed. Here, plant breeding gains a special significance. The goal of plant breeding is to develop new cultivars that need less nutrients and at the same time are more resistent to diseases and pests. A deciding factor is the mapping from gene analysis to the phenotype of the plant, i.e., al...

BACKGROUND The completion of the grape genome sequencing project has paved the way for novel gene discovery and functional analysis. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) comprise a gene superfamily encoding NAD(P)(+)-dependent enzymes that catalyze the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. Although ALDHs have been systematically investig...

Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 7% of the population in the United States and is characterized by decreased disposal of glucose in peripheral tissues due to insulin resistance and overproduction of glucose by the liver, defects in pancreatic beta-cell function, and decreased beta-cell mass. Obesity, decreased physical exercise, and consumption of foods with a high glycemic index (GI) and ...