Graves' disease is usually diagnosed as a syndrome of clinical and biochemical features including ophthalmopathy (TAO); the latter occurring in up to 50% of patients with the syndrome. The incidence of TAO is higher in females than in males, as with the parent syndrome (16:2.9 cases per 100 000 people annually). Onset is later in males, who also tend to have more severe cases and poorer prognos...
