Relatively little information is available on the specific nitrogen and growth factor requirements of the acetic acid bacteria. The early observation of Hoyer (1898) and of Beijerinck (1898) that only Acetobacter aceti can develop in a mineral salts-ammonium nitrogen medium with ethanol plus acetate as the source of carbon has acquired taxonomic and diagnostic value for this and, more recently,...

We studied calretinin-immunoreactive (IR) fibers and cells in the canine superior colliculus (SC) and studied the distribution and effect of enucleation on the distribution of this protein. Localization of calretinin was immunocytochemically observed. A dense plexus of anti--calretinin-IR fibers was found within the upper part of the superficial gray layer (SGL). Almost all of the labeled fiber...

Single-track Gray codes are a special class of Gray codes which have advantages over conventional Gray codes in certain quantization and coding applications. The problem of constructing high period single-track Gray codes is considered. Three iterative constructions are given, along with a heuristic method for obtaining good seed-codes. In combination, these yield many families of very high per...

In this paper we consider Type 1 Gray maps and Type 2 Gray maps for groups of order 16. First, we confirm that we can construct Type 1 Gray maps for all groups of order 16, and we actually construct them. Next, we confirm that we can construct Type 2 Gray maps for several groups of order 16, and we construct all such maps. Finally we reveal why the other groups do not admit Gray maps.

Here we summarise the properties and algorithms of the Gray code. Descriptions are given of the Gray code definition, algorithms and circuits for generating the code and for conversion between binary and Gray code, for incrementing, counting, and adding Gray code words. Some interesting applications of the code are also treated. Java implementations of the algorithms in this paper are available...