Tunneling-induced ground surface settlement is associated with many complex influencing factors. Beyond factors related to tunnel geometry and surrounding geological conditions, operational the shield machine are highly significant because of complexity shield-soil interactions. Distinguishing most relevant can be very difficult, for all seem affect tunneling-induced some degree, none clearly i...

This study investigates the effect of shield tunnel grouting on excess pore pressure distributions around and ground consolidation settlement. First, it presents half-plane an unlined caused by based complex variable theory conformal mapping method. Second, analytical solution for soil is derived using transformation method Terzaghi–Rendulic. The drainage conditions lining are idealized into th...

Payment systems are one of the key Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) and have showed remarkable progress over the past two decades. The first half of this chapter focuses on the evolutionary process of payment systems, starting with the Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) system and progressing to the RealTime Gross Settlement (RTGS) system. Subsequently, much more sophisticated payment systems...

Processes occurring early in the life stages of corals can greatly influence the demography of coral populations, and successful settlement of coral larvae that leads to recruitment is a critical life history stage for coral reef ecosystems. Although corals in Singapore persist in one the world's most anthropogenically impacted reef systems, our understanding of the role of coral settlement in ...

Construction-induced ground settlement is a serious hazard in underground tunnel construction. Accurate prediction has great significance ensuring the surface building’s stability and human safety. To that end, 148 sets of data were collected from Singapore Circle Line rail traffic project containing seven defining parameters to create database for predicting settlement. These are depth (H), ad...