'Complexity science' is a rapidly developing research direction with applications in a multitude of fields that study complex systems consisting of a number of nonlinear elements with interesting dynamics and mutual interactions. This Theme Issue 'The complexity of sleep' aims at fostering the application of complexity science to sleep research, because the brain in its different sleep stages a...

the research was carried out to study the effect of controlled deficit irrigation (cdi) on quality and quantity of sugar beet in bardsir region of kerman and karaj during 2005- 2006. in this experiment, 11 irrigation treatments were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. crop water requirement was calculated in two- day periods. the treatments were implemented in d...

deficit of oil seeds and high volume of oil imports in iran, and limitation of water sources against production of many oil seed crops, demonstrate the importance of detection tolerant species and cultivars for stressful conditions and their most sensitive growth stages to saline stress. in order to study response of spring safflowers (carthamus tinctorius l.) genotypes to disruption irrigation...

for estimating plants water requirement at the different stages of plant growth, determination of crop coefficient is very important. therefore, this study was conducted to determine the crop coefficient of borage in research lands of faculty of agriculture at the university of tabriz in 2013. for this purpose, drainage lysimeter with diameter of 1.5 meter and depth of 1.7 meter was used for de...

in recognition of the value and limitations of available water resources in agriculture and the occurrence of periodic drought in iran, water conservation and optimal usage of available water is essential. the main objective of this study was to optimize field water management and cropping patterns using deficit irrigation. the effect of reducing water consumption on different growth stages usi...

in order to study the phonological stages and growth period of invasive weed ranunculus ficaria based on degree days and to study the effect of planting depth on sprouting the tubers roots of this weed, two separate experiments were conducted in crd with 5 replications at ferdwosi university of mashhad in 2008. in the first study germinated tubers were planted in 5 cm depth and the observations...

drought, as an abiotic stress inflicts destructive and harmful effects on plants at their different growth stages. plants react differently to drought. among their reactions is the production of such osmolytes as proline and glycine betaine. it seems that, through exogenous application of these materials, plant resistance to drought stress can be increased. therefore, a factorial experiment, ba...

this study was conducted to determine the yield response factor (ky) of sugar beet to deficit irrigation at different growth stages. a field experiment was conducted in sharekord agricultural research station over two growing crop seasons (1996 -1997) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. plots were assigned to five levels of deficit irrigation treatments: e0 (full i...

The life history, behavior and morphology of the immature stages of Enochrus quadripunctatus Herbst from Iran are studied. The results of the work on the life history and behavior of this species in the immature stages and as newly-emerged adults have been presented as part I. The morphology of the egg cases, larvae, pupae, and the male genitalia of the adult is covered in the present work....