The main application of stream ciphers is online-encryption of arbitrarily long data, for example when transmitting speech data between a Bluetooth headset and a mobile GSM phone or between the phone and a GSM base station. Many practically used and intensively discussed stream ciphers such as the E0 generator used in Bluetooth and the GSM cipher A5/1 consist of a small number of linear feedbac...

In the course of modern daily life, individuals are exposed to numerous sources of electromagnetic radiation that are not present in the natural environment. The strength of the electromagnetic fields from sources such as hairdryers, computer display units and other electrical devices is modest. However, in many home and office environments, individuals can experience perpetual exposure to an "...

virtual learning is a new idea that has gotten a new form with the emergence of new technologies such as the wireless networks. the mobile phone (cell phone) is a device that is used by most people nowadays. therefore, one can use the mobile phone for virtual learning on a wide scale. one of the popular and at the same time simple and inexpensive services on the mobile phone is the sms (short m...

Mobile phone is the most widely used mobile device. Every mobile phone user can conveniently communicate with each other through SMS (Short Message Service) text messages at very low price. It is so commonly used that, in some countries like China, an SMS culture has emerged. Although there are some SMS based applications in m-Learning, most of them are only for administrative purposes, like de...

This study focuses on foetal development following mild daily exposure of pregnant mice to near field electromagnetic radiation emitted by a mobile phone. The investigation was motivated by the fact that the potentially hazardous electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones is currently of tremendous public interest. Physically comparable pregnant mice were exposed to radiofrequency radia...

Location estimation using the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is an emerging application that infers the location of the mobile receiver from multiple signals measurements. The approach is based on the use of an inherent feature of the GSM cellular system and on the use of this information to estimate the phone‟s location. Mobile positioning is the key aspect in providing the locat...

Background: A lot of investigations exist on the biological effects of radiofrequency and microwave radiation however only a few studies have considered non-carcinogenic exposure to radiations specifically from mobile phones. Objectives: To introduce some subjective neurological symptoms in mobile phone users. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from March...

Background: The health effect of rapidly increasing everyday exposure of humans to radiofrequency radiation is a major global concern. Mobile phone jammers prevent the mobile phones from receiving signals from base stations by interfering with authorized mobile carriers’ services. In spite of the fact that mobile jammer use is illegal, they are occasionally used in offices, shrines, confe...

the study comparatively identified the benefits of mobile telephone to users in selected rural and urban locations in obio/akpor local government area of rivers state, nigeria. stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting 60 rural and 60 urban phone users to have a total sample size of 120 respondents. structured questionnaire was used to generate data that were analy...