Bugs to the rescue ugs that live in our gut are not only not harmful but provide signals that maintain gut tissue integrity, according to Seth Rakoff-Nahoum, Ruslan Medzhitov, and colleagues (Yale University, New Haven, CT). The benefits of commensal, or nonpathogenic gut bacteria, are well known. For example, these bacteria digest tricky carbohydrates and supply certain micronutrients. But ina...

Metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are widespread in Westernized nations. Gut microbiota composition is a contributing factor to the susceptibility of an individual to the development of these disorders; therefore, altering a person's microbiota may ameliorate disease. One potential microbiome-altering strategy is the incorporation of modified bacteria...

The microbiota of birds different housing types was studied, namely: cage, outdoor and free-range. number bacteria Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, E. coli lactose-positive, Bacillus in bird faeces investigated. It has been shown that the composition does not depend on type their content but depends nutrition initially located a farm or poultry house environment. At same time, can ...

The human gut microbiota supplies its host with essential nutrients, including B-vitamins. Using the PubSEED platform, we systematically assessed the genomes of 256 common human gut bacteria for the presence of biosynthesis pathways for eight B-vitamins: biotin, cobalamin, folate, niacin, pantothenate, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamin. On the basis of the presence and absence of genome annot...

Dietary fibers are non-digestible polysaccharides functionally known as microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), present in inadequate amounts in the Western diet. MACs are a main source of energy for gut bacteria so the abundance and variety of MACs can modulate gut microbial composition and function. This, in turn, impacts host immunity and health. In preclinical studies, MAC-deprived diet...

Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), a prebiotic well known for its health-promoting properties, can improve the human gut ecosystem most likely through changes in its microbial composition. However, the detailed mechanism(s) of action of FOS in the modulation of the gut ecosystem remain(s) obscure. Traditional methods of profiling microbes and metabolites could barely show any significant features due...

Antibiotic treatment can impact nontarget microbes, enriching the pool of resistance genes available to pathogens and altering community profiles of microbes beneficial to hosts. The gut microbiota of adult honeybees, a distinctive community dominated by eight bacterial species, provides an opportunity to examine evolutionary responses to long-term treatment with a single antibiotic. For decade...

Mucosal immune responses to pathogenic gut bacteria and the mechanisms that govern disease progression and outcome have been researched intensely for decades. More recently, the influence of the resident non-pathogenic or 'commensal' microflora on mucosal immune function and gut health has emerged as an area of scientific and clinical importance. Major differences occur in the mucosal immune re...

Isolation and molecular characterization of bacteria from the gut Eisenia fetida for biodegradation 4,4 DDTReagan Mudziwapasi, Sibonani S. Mlambo, Nomathemba L. Chigu, Pardon K. Kuipa, Walter T. Sanyika

Isolation and molecular characterization of bacteria from the gut Eisenia fetida for biodegradation 4,4 DDTReagan Mudziwapasi, Sibonani S. Mlambo, Nomathemba L. Chigu, Pardon K. Kuipa, Walter T. Sanyika