We assessed the water requirements of ethanol from corn grain and crop residue. Estimates are explicit in terms of sources-green (GW) and blue (BW) water, consumptive and nonconsumptive requirements across the lifecycle, including evapotranspiration, application and conveyance losses, biorefinery uses, and water use of energy inputs, and displaced requirements or credits due to coproducts. Etha...

Key targets for gravitational wave (GW) observatories, such as LIGO and the next generation interferometric detector, Advanced LIGO, include core-collapse of massive stars and the final stage of coalescence of compact stellar remnants. The combined GW signal from such events occurring throughout the Universe will produce an astrophysical GW background (AGB), one that is fundamentally different ...

Four idealized direct numerical simulations are performed to examine the dynamics arising from the superposition of a monochromatic gravity wave (GW) and sinusoidal linear and rotary fine structure in the velocity field. These simulations are motivated by the ubiquity of such multiscale superpositions throughout the atmosphere. Three simulations explore the effects of linear fine structure alig...

AIM To examine the result of the use of 0.025-inch guidewire (GW) VisiGlide2TM as the first choice in the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related procedures without selecting the patient in a multicenter prospective study. METHODS ERCP using 0.025-inch GW VisiGlide2TM as the first choice was conducted in patients who have needed ERCP, and its accomplishment rate of proce...

BACKGROUND Diagnoses of genital warts (GW) in genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics have been increasing in England for many years. In 2008, an HPV immunization program began with a bivalent vaccine (Cervarix). This was expected to markedly reduce infections and disease due to human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 but not HPV 6/11 infections or disease. However, from 2009 to 2011 there were decreases...

The detection of electromagnetic radiation (EM) accompanying the gravitational wave (GW) signal from binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 has revealed that these systems constitute at least a fraction progenitors short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). As detectors keep pushing their horizons, it is important to assess coupled GW/EM probabilities, and how maximize observational prospects. Here we ...

This chapter is concerned with the question: how do gravitational waves (GWs) interact with their detectors? It is intended to be a theoretical review of the fundamental concepts involved in interferometric and acoustic (Weber bar) GW antennas. In particular, the type of signal the GW deposits in the detector in each case will be assessed, as well as its intensity and deconvolution. Brief refer...

We show that the Ginsparg-Wilson (GW) relation can play an important role to define chiral structures in finite noncommutative geometries. Employing GW relation, we can prove the index theorem and construct topological invariants even if the system has only finite degrees of freedom. As an example, we consider a gauge theory on a fuzzy two-sphere and give an explicit construction of a noncommut...

The many-body GW approximation has become the most popular method in ab initio calculations of excited-state properties in real materials. GW overcomes many of the limitations of traditional density functional theories to predict one-electron excitation spectra for a wide variety of materials. In this article we review some applications of GW to real surfaces, from calculations of surface band ...

Background A right hemi-diaphragm (RHD) respiratory navigator is commonly used to suppress the respiratory motion of the heart in coronary MRI [1]. Typically, a small 5mm end expiratory gating window (GW) is used to gate data. While this technique successfully suppresses respiratory motion, it prolongs scan time due to navigator efficacies of only 30-50%. Increasing the GW to 15mm would increas...