retinal pigment epithelium is responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of the retina by an efficient defense against free radicals, photo-oxidative exposure and light energy. for this purpose the main rpe line of defense is melanosomes. melanin content of retinal pigment epithelium cells in adults and neonates reveals remarkable variations. in the current study we compared melanogen...

objective(s) staphylococcus aureus is both a successful human commensal and a major pathogen. in this study we investigated the genetic diversity of 26 s. aureus isolates recovered from human skin and urinary tract infections. materials and methods typing procedure for the studied s. aureus isolates was performed based on pcr amplification of the aroa gene, which encodes the enzyme 5-enolpyruvy...

abstract  in order to study f3´5´h and f3´h function and their intraction in the grapevine flavonoids biosynthetic pathway, designing and constraction of suitable constructs encoding ihprna was performed and transgenic lines containing silencing construct of f3´h and simultaneous silencing construct of f3´5´h and f3´h were created. for this purpose, fragments were selected from both genes and i...

background: clarithromycin resistance in helicbacter pylori has been found to be associated with point mutations in 23s rrna gene leads to reduced affinity of the antibiotic to its ribosomal target or changing the site of methylation. the aim of this study was to determine the most important point mutations in 23s rrna gene in h. pylori that are closely related to clarith-romycin resistance amo...

conclusions about 90% of h. pylori strains potentially contained vaca s2m2 and s1m2 genotypes. infection with h. pylori strain containing the caga gene or the vaca s1m1 and s1m2 genotypes was associated with increased incidence of peptic ulcer disease (pud). objectives the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of two toxins and genotypes of vaca toxin in patients referred to a centra...

objective(s): helicobacter pylori, a human specific gastric pathogen is a causative agent of chronic active gastritis. the vacuolating cytotoxin (vaca) is an effective virulence factor involved in gastric injury. the aim of this study was to construct a recombinant protein containing antigenic region of vaca gene and determine its antigenicity.   materials and methods: the antigenic region of v...

in the present study, the diversity of trichoderma spp. was investigated in alkaline pistachio soils at different geographic area in kerman province, iran. a total of 161 trichoderma isolates were obtained and identified at the species level by analysis of their morphological characters and sequence analysis of their internal transcribed spacer regions of the rrna cluster and tef1 genes as phyl...