In this paper we show that a direct decomposition of modules M N, with N homologically independent to the inJective hull of H, is a CS-module if and only if N is injective relative to H and both of M and N are CS-modules. As an application, we prove that a direct sum of a non-singular semisimple module and a quasi-continuous module with zero socle is quasi-continuous. This result is known for q...

the concepts of free modules, projective modules, injective modules and the likeform an important area in module theory. the notion of free fuzzy modules was introducedby muganda as an extension of free modules in the fuzzy context. zahedi and ameriintroduced the concept of projective and injective l-modules. in this paper we give analternate definition for projective l-modules. we prove that e...

A few years ago, I defined a squarefree module over a polynomial ring S = k[x1, . . . , xn] generalizing the Stanley-Reisner ring k[∆] = S/I∆ of a simplicial complex ∆ ⊂ 2. This notion is very useful in the StanleyReisner ring theory. In this paper, from a squarefree S-module M , we construct the k-sheaf M on an (n − 1) simplex B which is the geometric realization of 2. For example, k[∆] is (th...

Let G be a nite group, let V be an F G-module of nite dimension d, and denote by (V; G) the minimal number m such that the invariant ring S(V) G is generated by nitely many elements of degree at most m. A classical result of E. Noether says that (V; G) jGj provided that char F is coprime to jGj!. If char F divides jGj then no bounds for (V; G) are known except for very special choices of G. In ...

Let g be a complex semisimple Lie algebra, with a Bore1 subalgebra b c g and Cartan subalgebra h c b. In classifying the finite dimensional representations of g, Cartan showed that any simple finite dimensional g-module has a generating element u, annihilated by n = [b, b], on which h acts by a linear form I E h*. Such an element is called a primitive vector (for the module). Harish-Chandra [9]...

Let R be a noetherian ring and M a finite R-module. With a linear form χ on M one associates the Koszul complex K(χ). If M is a free module, then the homology of K(χ) is well-understood, and in particular it is grade sensitive with respect to Imχ. In this note we investigate the case of a module M of projective dimension 1 (more precisely, M has a free resolution of length 1) for which the firs...

We prove, under some mild conditions, that the equivariant twisted K-theory group of a crossed module admits a ring structure if the twisting 2-cocycle is 2multiplicative. We also give an explicit construction of the transgression map T1 : H ∗(Γ • ;A) → H((N ⋊ Γ) • ;A) for any crossed module N → Γ and prove that any element in the image is ∞-multiplicative. As a consequence, we prove that, unde...

Let R be a noetherian ring andM a finite R-module. With a linear form χ onM one associates the Koszul complex K(χ). IfM is a free module, then the homology of K(χ) is well-understood, and in particular it is grade sensitive with respect to Imχ. In this note we investigate the case of a module M of projective dimension 1 (more precisely, M has a free resolution of length 1) for which the first n...

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomasses raises a global interest because it represents a good alternative to petroleum-derived energies and reduces the food versus fuel conflict generated by first generation ethanol. In this study, alkaline-acid pretreated brewers’ spent grain (BSG) was evaluated for ethanol production after enzymatic hydrolysis with commercial enzymes. The obtained h...

 Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $M$ be a finitely generated unital $R$-module. In this paper, first we give necessary and sufficient conditions that a finitely generated module to be a multiplication module. Moreover, we investigate some conditions which imply that the module $M$ is the direct sum of some cyclic modules and free modules. Then some properties of Fitting ideals o...