We present a 39 h integration with the Odin satellite on the ground-state 118.75 GHz line of O2 towards the region of strongest molecular emission in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Our 3σ upper limit to the O2 integrated intensity of < 0.049 K km s −1 in a 9′ (160 pc) diameter beam corresponds to an upper limit on the O2/H2 abundance ratio of < 1.3 × 10 . Although a factor of 20 above the best lim...

Thermal retention of ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) is a critical reliability concern impacting its use in applications such as field-effect transistors, random-access memory, and tunnel junctions. depolarization thermal imprint are explored for 10 nm thick Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films. The HZO films were fabricated through atomic layer deposition with two different oxidizing conditions, H2O...

Context. Previous research has indicated that high amounts of ozone (O3) and oxygen (O2) may be produced abiotically in atmospheres with high concentrations of CO2. The abiotic production of these two gases, which are also characteristic of photosynthetic life processes, could pose a potential “false-positive” for remote-sensing detection of life on planets around other stars. We show here that...

Hydrogen may accumulate to micromolar concentrations in cyanobacterial mat communities from various environments, but the governing factors for this accumulation are poorly described. We used newly developed sensors allowing for simultaneous measurement of H2S and H2 or O2 and H2 within the same point to elucidate the interactions between oxygen, sulfate reducing bacteria, and H2 producing micr...