Single-cell clones have been established from the MDCK cell line, characterized for their morphology and evaluated for their suitability for influenza virus research. Three discrete cell morphotypes were identified using light microscopy. Besides morphological features, the cell types can be distinguished by the level of expression of surface glycans recognized by peanut agglutinin (PNA). All c...

A series of 2-adamantanamines with alkyl adducts of various lengths were examined for efficacy against strains of influenza A including those having an S31N mutation in M2 proton channel that confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine. The addition of as little as one CH2 group to the methyl adduct of the amantadine/rimantadine analogue, 2-methyl-2-aminoadamantane, led to activity in vitro...

Endogenous ligands of G protein-coupled receptors bind to orthosteric sites that are topologically distinct from allosteric sites. Certain aminothiophenes such as (2-amino-4,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-[3-(trifluromethyl)-phenyl]-methanone (PD81,723) and 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl-methanone (ATL525) are positive allosteric regulators, or enhancers, of the human A1...

We have previously reported that the binding properties of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the WSN-F strain of influenza A are affected by the cells in which the virus is grown (Crecelius, D. M., Deom, C. M., and Schulze, I.T. (1984) Virology 139, 164-177); at 37 degrees C chick embryo fibroblast-grown F virus has a greater affinity for host cells than does the same virus grown in Madin-Darby bovine ...

Low pathogenic Avian Influenza (AI) virus has the ability to evolve to high pathogenic viruses resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry sector. This study aims at assessing the impact of H9N2 viral passaging in broilers and its relatedness to pathogenicity and amino acid (a.a) sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site and neuraminidase (NA) stalk. The original H9N2 AI vir...

Haemagglutinin (HA) activity of Clostridium botulinum type A 19S and 16S toxins (HA-positive progenitor toxin; HA(+)-PTX) was characterized. HA titres against human erythrocytes of HA(+)-PTX were inhibited by the addition of lactose, D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-fucose to the reaction mixtures. A direct glycolipid binding test demonstrated that type A HA(+)-PTX strongly bound to ...

BACKGROUND Minimal influenza surveillance has been carried out in sub-Saharan Africa to provide information on circulating influenza subtypes for the purpose of vaccine production and monitoring trends in virus spread and mutations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate a surveillance program in Kenya to isolate and characterize influenza viruses. RESULTS In the 2006-2007 influ...

BACKGROUND The A/H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in humans have been shown to undergo antigenic drift, a process in which amino acid mutations result from nucleotide substitutions. There are few reports regarding the charged amino acid mutations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relations between charged amino acids, N-glycosylation and epitopes in hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminid...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas layanan dan kepuasan nasabah terhadap loyalitas pengguna internet banking pada Bank Syariah Indonesia Cabang Kalirejo. Sampel sebanyak 85 responden banking. Dalam membuktikan menganalisis hal tersebut, maka digunakan uji validitas reliabilitas, asumsi klasik, regresi linear berganda, serta t (persial), F (simultan) R2 (koefisien determinasi). H...