the present study was aimed at elucidating the protective effect of ferulic acid (fa), a natural polyphenol against nicotine-induced tissue damage, including lung, liver and kidney of experimental rats. female albino rats of wistar stain were used for the experimental study. lung toxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (5 days a week, for 22...

Introduction: Nicotine is the psychoactive substance responsible for establishing and maintaining smoking dependence. CYP2A6 is the primary enzyme that inactivates nicotine to cotinine .Genetic variation in CYP2A6 accounts for some of the inter-individual variability in nicotine metabolism and has been indicated to influence smoking behavior and dependence. Therefore, the aim of this study was ...

This study evaluates the effects of hydro-alcoholic root extract Delphinium denudatum Wall (Jadwar, family; Ranunculaceae) for its ability to attenuate nicotine-withdrawal in nicotine-dependent rats. The physical dependence on nicotine was induced male adult Wistar albino rats (175-250 g) by subcutaneous implantation Alzet mini osmotic pumps which supplied at 9.0mg/kg/day, while control receive...

s | 3 of adverse effects that currently limit the use of opioids in the clinic. Supported by USPHS Grant K05DA017918 PM288 Preclinical Evaluation of Neutral Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonists and Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Negative Allosteric Modulators for Treating Drug Addiction Eliot L. Gardner1, Guo-Hua Bi1, Ganesh Thakur2, Alexandros Makriyannis2, Herbert H. Seltzman3, Xiang-Hu He4, Zheng-...

This study assessed smokers' beliefs about nicotine and the safety of nicotine medications and examined how these beliefs influence the use of nicotine medications. The data for this paper came from a nationally representative, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of 1,046 adults (18 years of age and older) current cigarette smokers conducted between May and September 2001. Respondents were que...

Repeated exposure to nicotine and other psychostimulant drugs produces persistent increases in their psychomotor and physiological effects (sensitization), a phenomenon related to the drugs' reinforcing properties and abuse potential. Here we examined the role of peripheral actions of nicotine in nicotine-induced sensitization of centrally mediated physiological parameters (brain, muscle, and s...

backgrand: cotinine (cot) is a major degradation product of nicotine (nic). the participation of leptin in female reproduction is well-established, but any role in male reproductive function is at the best tenuous. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro effects of nicotine, cotinine and leptin on sperm parameters in normal semen of non-smokers fertile men. materials and m...

INTRODUCTION Some long-term nicotine gum users are addicted to nicotine and may need assistance to stop. There is no published evidence on the use of nicotine patches for this purpose. CASE DESCRIPTION A 45-year old man presented with a 30-year history of high-dose nicotine gum use (up to 200mg nicotine per day). He was highly nicotine dependent and had failed repeatedly to stop using nicotin...

the control of cigarette smoking can do more to improve health and prolong life than any other single action in the whole field of preventive medicine. many smokers desire to stop but need instructions and support. beside nicotine and carbon monoxide, there are a lot of carcion-genous materials in cigarettes. a positive relationship exists between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, bronchitis, ...

Introduction: Morphine addiction and morphine withdrawal syndrome are the two main problems of today’s human society. The present study has investigated the effects of nicotine on the strength of physical and psychological dependency in single and repeated doses morphine administrated rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to morphine consumption with single or frequent dose protocols. ...